assays of 郭敏玲 List 4 different points for the DNA rearrangement between immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. Ig TCR somatic hypermutation o x N-nucleotide addition heavy chain both heavy/light chain class switch o x one turn-two turn rule V-D-J V-D-D-....-D-J (VJthe same) (VJ different) Please describe the experiment that demonstrated the T cells were responsible for carrier effect. 将X光照过的老鼠取来, 一只注入DNP-BSA , 一支注入BGG a.取2者spleen cells注入另一只也被X光照过的老鼠身上 b.将BGG混合 anti-thy-1, complement 再和DNP-BSA 注入和前面synergy之老鼠 c.将DNP-BSA混合 anti-thy-1, complement 再和 BGG注入同前之synergy老鼠 将以上3个都加入DNP-BGG, 观察是否和DNP形成次级反应 结果 a: + b:- c:+ 因hapten需要和carrier共同作用才可引发反应, 而将T cell由carrier中消灭後 无法形成反应 故可证明其中要达成次级反应要T cell的参与 Superantigens have been implicated in several diseases and have been useful as research tools. (6%) 1.What properties of superantigens distinguish them from conventional antigens? 可以活化多种淋巴球 会和MHC 的 α chain 和TCR的Vβdomain 2.By what mechanism are bacterial superantigens thought to cause symptoms associated with food poisoning and toxic-shock syndrome? 因为他活化了大量淋巴球会形成 cytokine storm 3.Does the activity of superantigens exhibit MHC restriction? No. How do T cells provide competent and progression signals in B-cell activation? antigen + mIg : signal 1, 使得MHC和B7表现增加而被TCR辨识并结合 之後T cell被刺激表现出CD40L 会和 B cell 上的CD40结合: signal 2 同时, B7会和T cell 上的CD28结合刺激了T cell进一步释放cytokine competence:G0-G1 progression:G1-S1 写出两种apoptosis路径(不会) 1.Fas-mediated route: FasL-Fas ↓ Procap8 → cap8 (cap=caspase) ↓ Truncated Bid → mitochondria pathway → apoptosis + Procap3 → cap3 → apoptosis 2.TCR-mediated (Truncated Bid →) Cytochrome C被释放 + Apaf1 ↓ + Procap9 → cap9 → apoptosome ↓ Procap3 → cap3 → apoptosis B cell negative selection 如果B cell产生之抗体会自我辨识, 则会在骨髓进行clonal deletion 当某种抗原不在骨髓中表现(tissue-specific)则会在peripheral lymphoid tissue进行 Affinity maturation germinal center 中的follicular dendritic cell会对B cell进行筛选 会倾向留下高亲和力的B cell assays of 周开平 Please elaborate the importance of the inducible expression of co-stimulatory molecules for T and APC in the immune response. 当TCR-CD3 complex和antigenic peptide结合交互作用产生signal 1 接下来APC上的B7和TCR上的CD28(CTLA-4:活化之T cell会分泌)交互作用 提供了抗原非专一性的共同刺激讯号并会活化T cell(後者抑制T cell活化) 而signal 2会增加CTLA-4的表现而可以阻止CD28过度产生 如果缺乏此种刺激讯号会造成T cell 过度增殖导致淋巴节和脾脏肿大 不久後死亡 How is T cell self tolerance achieved in the central lymphoid organ? 在central lymphoid organ中, 会和自体抗原产生高亲和力的T cell将会被 进行negative selection而被清除, 此即表现self-tolerant How are T cells generated during T cell development? pro-T cell-->pre-Tα -->pre-TCR-->double positive -->double negative(γδ)T cell --

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