※ 引述《chuanchiajui (阿叡)》之銘言： : 節錄FIBA Basketball Statistics Manual : Turnovers 失誤 : A turnover is a mistake by an offensive player that results in the defensive : team gaining possession of the ball without the offensive team having : attempted a field goal or free throw, except when period time expires without : such an attempt. 失誤是進攻者犯下一個錯誤，使得防守方在不是進攻方嘗試投籃或罰球的情況之下， 而獲得球權。 : Any offensive violation by a player will result in a turnover being charged, : for example 3 second violation, offensive foul, offensive goal tending, : double dribble etc. 任何進攻犯規（違例）都伴隨著一次失誤的產生。比方說籃下三秒、進攻犯規、進攻干 擾中籃以及二次運球等。 : Likewise, an offensive mistake such as passing the ball directly out of bounds : or fumbling the ball in such a way it is recovered by the defensive team will : result in a turnover beimg charged. 同樣的，進攻發生失誤如進攻方直接把球弄出界或是受到防守的壓迫把球弄出界，同樣 應紀錄一次失誤。 : It is important to understand when a team has control of the ball, so that the : statistician understands the opportunity lost when they turn the ball over. : A team is in control of the ball when: 確定一個球隊是否有控制球很重要的。因為如此一來記錄員可以確知當出現球權轉換之時 ，是進攻方失去進攻機會。（應該就是說，進攻方會出現失誤，前提是要控制球。） 一支球隊在以下的情況為控制球： : ‧ A player of that team is holding or dribbling a live ball. : ‧ The ball is at its disposal for a throw-in during an out-of-bounds : situation. : ‧ The ball is at the disposal of a team for the first or only free throw. : ‧ The ball is being passed between teammates. ‧隊上的一個球員正持有或是運著活球。 ‧球處於界外，但球員可處理的位置。（也就是正在發界外球的意思吧） ‧僅只一次或第一次的罰球，球於球隊可處理球的位置。 ‧球正在二位隊員之間互傳。 : If the offensive team is forced into a held ball by the actions of a defensive : player the result of the alternating possession rule will determine the : statistics to be awarded: 如果進攻方因爭球的動作而獲得球權球，此時球權輪替的發生將不會有數據的增加： : ‧ If the offensive team wins possession as a result of the alternating : possession rule- NO statistics are awarded. : ‧ If the defensive team wins possession as a result of the alternating : possession rule- award a turnover to the offensive player at fault and a : steal to the defensive player that initiated the turnover. ‧如果進攻方因球權輪替獲得球權 - 沒有數據增加。 ‧如果防守方因球權輪替獲得球權 - 記進攻方失誤一次，防守方因使失誤發生 記抄截一次。（原來這樣也算抄截） : It can sometimes be difficult to decide if the passer or receiver is : responsible for a turnover when the receiver fumbles a pass. If the : statistician considers the pass should have been caught, award the turnover : to the receiver, but the general rule is that the passer is responsible for : the pass. 當接球者沒將球接好之時，有時候要決定傳球者或是接球者哪一方要為失誤負責是很 困難的。如果記錄員認為這個傳球應該被接住（到），則記接球員失誤一次，但一般 通常是記在傳球者身上。（應該是指若無法判斷球是否能接到的話，則記在傳球者頭 上） : In some situations, a turnover could be classfied as more than one type, for : example, when a bad pass causes a teammate to commit a violation by stepping : out of court to retrieve the ball. The statistician must recognise how the : turnover was originally caused. In this exsample, the bad pass caused the : violation so credit the player that passed the ball with a passing turnover. 在某些情況之下，一個失誤可以被歸類成不只一個類型。比方說，當一個球員把球傳 歪而導致隊友為了救球而踩線出界。記錄員必須要知道這個失誤是如何發生的。在這 個例子當中，一個傳歪的球導致球出界，因此記傳球員一個傳球失誤。 : Examples : 1. A5 has the ball stolen from him as he is dribbling down the court. : →A5 is charged with a ball handling turnover. : 2. A5 passes the ball and it goes straight out of bounds. : →A5 receives a passing turnover. : 3. A5 makes a good pass but A4 drops the ball, resulting B5 picking the ball : up. : →A4 is awarded a ball handling turnover, B5 does not receive a steal as : they simply benefited from a mistake. : 4. A5 commits a violation (travelling, double dribble, etc.) that results in : the opposition receiving the ball. : →A violation turnover is credited to A5. : 5. A5 fouls whilst his team is in offense (either charges a player or fouls : without the ball). : →An offensive foul turnover is charged to A5. 例子 1.A5運球之時球被抄。 →記A5一次持球失誤。 2.A5傳球直接傳到界外去。 →記A5一次傳球失誤。 3.A5傳球給A4，沒傳歪但A4掉球，結果球被B5撿去。 →記A4一次持球失誤。但B5不能記抄截一次，因為他是祝戲撿到的。 4.A5違例（走步、二次運球等等）而把球權交給對方。 →記A5失誤一次。 5.A5進攻犯規（不管是有持球狀態或是無持球狀態）。 →記A5進攻犯規失誤。 -- 這是我第一次翻東西，有些翻不順就照自己理解的意思去寫。有錯請指正啦。 我覺得失誤（turnover）應該是因為翻譯的關係，所以我們常常認為失誤歸失 誤，犯規歸犯規，但是從英文原文來看，應該是指把球權送給別人的意思。在 這樣的理解之下，所謂的紀錄上TO，就會變得更加廣泛，也就是如同這篇文章 所寫的，還分成進攻犯規失誤、持球失誤和傳球失誤等等。 希望我這樣翻能對各位有幫助。板上各位先進辛苦了。裁判紀錄都加油！！ --

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