※ 引述《chuanchiajui (阿叡)》之铭言： : 节录FIBA Basketball Statistics Manual : Turnovers 失误 : A turnover is a mistake by an offensive player that results in the defensive : team gaining possession of the ball without the offensive team having : attempted a field goal or free throw, except when period time expires without : such an attempt. 失误是进攻者犯下一个错误，使得防守方在不是进攻方尝试投篮或罚球的情况之下， 而获得球权。 : Any offensive violation by a player will result in a turnover being charged, : for example 3 second violation, offensive foul, offensive goal tending, : double dribble etc. 任何进攻犯规（违例）都伴随着一次失误的产生。比方说篮下三秒、进攻犯规、进攻干 扰中篮以及二次运球等。 : Likewise, an offensive mistake such as passing the ball directly out of bounds : or fumbling the ball in such a way it is recovered by the defensive team will : result in a turnover beimg charged. 同样的，进攻发生失误如进攻方直接把球弄出界或是受到防守的压迫把球弄出界，同样 应纪录一次失误。 : It is important to understand when a team has control of the ball, so that the : statistician understands the opportunity lost when they turn the ball over. : A team is in control of the ball when: 确定一个球队是否有控制球很重要的。因为如此一来记录员可以确知当出现球权转换之时 ，是进攻方失去进攻机会。（应该就是说，进攻方会出现失误，前提是要控制球。） 一支球队在以下的情况为控制球： : ‧ A player of that team is holding or dribbling a live ball. : ‧ The ball is at its disposal for a throw-in during an out-of-bounds : situation. : ‧ The ball is at the disposal of a team for the first or only free throw. : ‧ The ball is being passed between teammates. ‧队上的一个球员正持有或是运着活球。 ‧球处於界外，但球员可处理的位置。（也就是正在发界外球的意思吧） ‧仅只一次或第一次的罚球，球於球队可处理球的位置。 ‧球正在二位队员之间互传。 : If the offensive team is forced into a held ball by the actions of a defensive : player the result of the alternating possession rule will determine the : statistics to be awarded: 如果进攻方因争球的动作而获得球权球，此时球权轮替的发生将不会有数据的增加： : ‧ If the offensive team wins possession as a result of the alternating : possession rule- NO statistics are awarded. : ‧ If the defensive team wins possession as a result of the alternating : possession rule- award a turnover to the offensive player at fault and a : steal to the defensive player that initiated the turnover. ‧如果进攻方因球权轮替获得球权 - 没有数据增加。 ‧如果防守方因球权轮替获得球权 - 记进攻方失误一次，防守方因使失误发生 记抄截一次。（原来这样也算抄截） : It can sometimes be difficult to decide if the passer or receiver is : responsible for a turnover when the receiver fumbles a pass. If the : statistician considers the pass should have been caught, award the turnover : to the receiver, but the general rule is that the passer is responsible for : the pass. 当接球者没将球接好之时，有时候要决定传球者或是接球者哪一方要为失误负责是很 困难的。如果记录员认为这个传球应该被接住（到），则记接球员失误一次，但一般 通常是记在传球者身上。（应该是指若无法判断球是否能接到的话，则记在传球者头 上） : In some situations, a turnover could be classfied as more than one type, for : example, when a bad pass causes a teammate to commit a violation by stepping : out of court to retrieve the ball. The statistician must recognise how the : turnover was originally caused. In this exsample, the bad pass caused the : violation so credit the player that passed the ball with a passing turnover. 在某些情况之下，一个失误可以被归类成不只一个类型。比方说，当一个球员把球传 歪而导致队友为了救球而踩线出界。记录员必须要知道这个失误是如何发生的。在这 个例子当中，一个传歪的球导致球出界，因此记传球员一个传球失误。 : Examples : 1. A5 has the ball stolen from him as he is dribbling down the court. : →A5 is charged with a ball handling turnover. : 2. A5 passes the ball and it goes straight out of bounds. : →A5 receives a passing turnover. : 3. A5 makes a good pass but A4 drops the ball, resulting B5 picking the ball : up. : →A4 is awarded a ball handling turnover, B5 does not receive a steal as : they simply benefited from a mistake. : 4. A5 commits a violation (travelling, double dribble, etc.) that results in : the opposition receiving the ball. : →A violation turnover is credited to A5. : 5. A5 fouls whilst his team is in offense (either charges a player or fouls : without the ball). : →An offensive foul turnover is charged to A5. 例子 1.A5运球之时球被抄。 →记A5一次持球失误。 2.A5传球直接传到界外去。 →记A5一次传球失误。 3.A5传球给A4，没传歪但A4掉球，结果球被B5捡去。 →记A4一次持球失误。但B5不能记抄截一次，因为他是祝戏捡到的。 4.A5违例（走步、二次运球等等）而把球权交给对方。 →记A5失误一次。 5.A5进攻犯规（不管是有持球状态或是无持球状态）。 →记A5进攻犯规失误。 -- 这是我第一次翻东西，有些翻不顺就照自己理解的意思去写。有错请指正啦。 我觉得失误（turnover）应该是因为翻译的关系，所以我们常常认为失误归失 误，犯规归犯规，但是从英文原文来看，应该是指把球权送给别人的意思。在 这样的理解之下，所谓的纪录上TO，就会变得更加广泛，也就是如同这篇文章 所写的，还分成进攻犯规失误、持球失误和传球失误等等。 希望我这样翻能对各位有帮助。板上各位先进辛苦了。裁判纪录都加油！！ --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 220.143.218.244