缺乏vitamin B1 腳氣病 缺乏動物性蛋白 皮膚病(pellagra) 缺乏vitamin C 壞血病(scurvy) The Digesitive System:from meals to molecules ．all plant &animal life is made up of ceels,which form tissues that compose the organs &organ systems ．the food we eat is digested in the gastrointestinal tract & nutrients are absorbed into the body ．hormones released into the blood & enzymes released into the gastrointestinal tract facilitate the digestion of food & the absorption of nutrients ．Digestion begins in the mouth ．The small intestine is the primary site of digestion & absorption ．Water-soluble materials are absorbed into the blood.Most fatsoluble materials are absorbed into the hymph ．Change in the gastrointestinal tract can alter digestion and absorption and affect nutritional status. ．Digestion is the process of breaking food into components small enoufh to be absorbed into the body. ．Most of the carbohydrate is digested to sugars, the protein to amino acids, and the fat to fatty acids. (Fatty acids are chains of carbon atoms that are often present as components of larger molecules knows as triglycerides(三酸甘油脂) , which we commonly call fats.) ．Gallbladder is necessary for fat digestion and absorption ．The main part of the digestive system is the gastrointestinal tract= GI tract,gut,digestive tract, intestinal tract, or alimentary canal. ．While in the stomach , the bolus is mixed with highly acidid stomach secretions to form a scmiliquid fppd ,ass ca;;ed chyme. ．While most of the justrointestinal tract is surrounded by two layers of muscle, the stomach contains a third layer, allowing for powerful contractious that thoroughly churn and mix the stomach contents. . 蛋白質主要在為胃消化 　糖在嘴巴就開始分解消化 　脂肪則在小腸開始消化 ．Digestive (1)includes: mouth, esophagus, homach, intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallboadder. (2)ingests and digests food, absorts nutrients into the blood. ．The human body is made up of 4 tissues: muscle, nerves, epithelial, and connective. mucosa 管壁黏膜 connective tissue　結締組織(包含 nerves ,blood vessels） lumen　腸腔 antigen　抗原 immune system　免疫系統 phagocytes　巨噬細胞 lymphocyte　淋巴細胞 antibodies　抗體 allergic reactions　過敏反應 gastric juice 胃酸 (含hydrochloric acid 鹽酸　和 pepsin　胃蛋白分解酉每) peptic ulcer　胃潰瘍 motility　胃蠕動 churn　消化 gastrin　胃素 small intestine　小腸 pancreas　胰臟 gallbladder　膽囊(汁) pancreas juice (含bicarbonate　制酸劑　, digestive enzyme) arteny　動脈 vein　靜脈 lymph　淋巴 lacteral　微血管 portel vein　肝門脈 heart burn 火燒心（胃酸倒流） gastroesophageal reflux（倒流） disease 腸胃倒流疾病 salivaty glands 唾液腺(分泌澱粉分解酵素) --

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