作者TheRock (就是这样)
标题[竞赛] 四月翻译竞赛审核意见 - Nievesnow
时间Sat May 3 01:59:54 2008
以下为本篇参赛作品的评监内容:
┌──────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│评 分 表 │译者:Nievesnow │
├───────┬──────┼─────────────────────┤
│错 误 类 别│次数(扣分)│ 错 误 点 编 号 │
├───────┼──────┼─────────────────────┤
│重大错误 (-9) │ 2 (-18) │7,14 │
│中等错误 (-5) │ 8 (-40) │1, 5, 6, 9,13,15,16,17 │
│轻微错误 (-1) │ 7 (- 7) │2, 3, 4, 8,10,11,12 │
├───────┼──────┴─────────────────────┤
│小 计│ 17 (-65) │
├───────┼────────────────────────────┤
│得分 (满分100)│ 35 │
└───────┴────────────────────────────┘
: ───────────────────────────────────────
: Foreign capital ought to be good for countries that have profitable ventures
: that lack funding because of low savings at home. But Messrs Rodrik and
: Subramanian argue that for many countries, it is not low savings but a
: shortage of good investments that is the binding constraint. Weak property
: rights, poorly enforced contracts and the fear that profits will be siphoned
: away make it hard to conceive of ventures that might generate a reliable
: return. When investment opportunities are scarce, capital inflows simply
: displace domestic savings and encourage consumption.
: 对於因为国内的存款不足,拥有获利企业但却缺乏资金的的国家来说,外资应该是有益的
X(1)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 。但是罗德瑞克和萨布拉马尼安却认为,对许多国家来说,限制他们的条件并不是不足的
: 存款,而是缺少良好的投资。由於许多因素,诸如财产权薄弱、合约执行不良,以及对於
: 利润可能被分化的恐惧,实在很难想像企业可能会产生可靠的回馈。当投资机会很稀少的
: 时候,资金的流入只不过取代了国内存款,还有鼓励消费罢了。
1. 缺乏资金的不是国家而是企业。
: Whatever their misgivings about cosmopolitan capital, the authors do not
: deny that deeper financial markets in general help to foster prosperity.
: Even in economies short of good investment projects, a sturdier channel
: connecting domestic savers and borrowers will help growth. The more domestic
: savings can be put to work, the less need is there for foreign capital,
: and using local funds helps keep the exchange rate down and promotes export
: growth. By contrast, encouraging foreign capital to flood in can put upward
: pressure on the exchange rate, making exports less competitive. In some
: circumstances, capital controls may be justified if they keep the currency
: cheap and promote growth.
: 无论他们对於国际性资金的担忧是什麽,作者们并没有否认,一般来说,更深入的金融市
X(2)^^
: 场能够帮助促进繁荣。即使处於缺少良好投资计画的经济状况,还有连接国内存款人和借
: 款人更加坚固的管道,也能够帮助成长。将会有更多国内存款发挥作用,如此一来对外资
X(3)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 的需求就会减少,此外,使用国内的资金也可以帮助维持外汇汇率下降,并且促进出口的
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 成长。相较之下,鼓励外资的大量涌入,可能会导致外汇的压力升高,使出口变得较不具
X(4)^^^^^^^^^^
: 竞争性,在某些情况下,如果可以维持货币低廉并促进成长,就可以证明资金控管是正当
: 的。
2. deeper financial markets
-> 在此指经过深度发展的金融市场
3. the more... the less...
-> 若前者越多,则後者越少
4. put upward pressure on the exchange rate
-> 译文未译出压力的方向(压力可能是升值压力也可能是贬值压力)
: Why do the authors make such a strong case for export-led growth as a means
: to development in poor countries, even if it is at the expense of more open
: capital markets? First, they believe, exports are a force for institutional
: reform. A firm making clothes to sell abroad demands consistent state
: regulation, reliable transport links and enforceable contracts with suppliers
: to a degree that a barbershop serving the domestic market does not. Second,
: exporters foster skills, technology and expertise that can fruitfully spill
: over to other enterprises.
: 然而为什麽作者们要创造这样一个强烈的个案,就出口导向成长而言,作为开发贫穷国家
X(5) X(6)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 的一种方法,即使是用在较为开放的资金市场的支出?首先,他们相信,出口是对於制度
X(7)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 改革的一种影响力。一家制作成衣外销到国外的公司会需要一致的国家法规、可靠的运输
X(8)
: 连结,以及与供应商之间可以执行的合约,而在某种程度上,一家为国内市场服务的理发
: 店并不需要这些条件。再者,出口商培养的技巧、技术以及专门知识,将能够有效地
X(9)^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 涌入其他企业。
X(10)
5. make a strong case for A
-> 指「强力主张 A 是应该做的」
6. 指将出口导向成长做为发展的手段。
7. 指因管制而牺牲掉更为开放的资金市场。
8. regulation
-> 此处的 regulation 为不可属名词,指管理、管制、调控
9. 只是需求程度较低,并非不需要
10. spill over
-> 指因「过多而溢流到原有范围外」,非「涌入」
: Messrs Rodrik and Subramanian conclude that with the benefits of liberalised
: finance under the microscope in rich countries, it is time for more subtle
: thinking about the global picture. “Depending on context and country,”
: they write, “the appropriate role of policy will be as often to stem the
: tide of capital flows as to encourage them.”
: 罗德瑞克和萨布拉马尼安结论提到,藉着检视富裕国家中的自由金融利益,是时候要做出
: 对於全球前景更加精良的规划了。他们写道,「视背景和国家而定,适当的政策角色将必
: 须同时阻止及鼓励外资的流动。」
X(11)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
11. 逻辑上互斥。
: That bold conclusion leaves some troubling issues unresolved. As China's
: experience suggests, keeping the exchange rate weak in support of export-led
: growth becomes harder to sustain over time. Nor is it easy to keep foreign
: capital out. Capital controls can be evaded by adjusting trade invoices:
: exporters can bring funds in secretly by over-invoicing for foreign sales.
: The authorities can use sterilised intervention to stop inflows pushing the
: exchange rate up, but this imposes its own costs on the economy—in terms of
: higher interest rates or a distorted allocation of credit.
: 这项大胆的结论还留下一些烦人的问题没有解答。正如中国的经验所暗示的,随着时间的
: 推进,要维持外汇弱势以支持出口导向的成长,已经变得越来越困难,而要使外资不进入
: 也并不容易。只要更改贸易发票就可以逃避资金控管:只要多开外销发票,出口商就可以
X(12)
: 秘密地运入资金。有关当局当然可以运用冲销政策来阻止会让外汇升高的资金流入,但是
X(13)
: 这也会增加其自身在经济上的支出──造成更高的利率或是扭曲的存款分配。
X(14)
12. over-invoicing
-> 指低额高报(单纯多开发票不会有问题,超开发票上的金额才会有问题)
13. 为汇率 (exchange rate),非外汇
14. 非指经济上的支出会增加,而是指经济体本身必须付出代价
: It is possible too that over time capital inflows are becoming less risky
: and the collateral benefits more tangible. And more stable direct investments
: account for an increasing share of capital inflows. Countries will ultimately
: have to come to terms with global capital and the choice is not only whether
: to embrace or resist it. There is a third option: find ways to manage it.
: After all, few would now argue that financial progress should not be policed
: at all.
: 随着时间的推进,资金的流入也有可能会变得较不具风险,而担保的利益也会比较明确,
X(15)
: 另外较为稳定的直接投资也会促成逐渐增加的资金流入股份。各个国家最後将必须走向与
X(16)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 全球资金的交流,而选项将不只是拥抱它或拒绝它,还有第三个选项:找到管理它的方法
X(17)
: 。毕竟,只有极少数的人会认为,金融发展完全不应该受到任何监督。
15. collateral 在此指的是「附带的」
16. 非指稳定的直接投资会促成资金流入股份逐渐增加,而是指在流入的外资中,稳定
的直接投资所占比例会逐渐增加。
17. come to terms with
-> 指处理或面对先前不愿处理或难以解决的问题。
: ───────────────────────────────────────
: 注:参赛译文之张贴顺序与参与顺序、译文品质、最终名次无关。
--
※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 61.218.0.48
※ 编辑: TheRock 来自: 61.218.0.48 (05/03 02:02)