「训有之，内作色荒。外作禽荒。甘酒嗜音，峻宇雕墙；有一於此，未或不亡。」 This passage comes from the *Book of Documents* (《尚书》), specifically **“ 吕刑” (The Punishments of Lü)** section. Here is a clear and faithful English translation: > “It has been taught: when inwardly one gives way to sensual indulgence, and outwardly to hunting; when one delights in wine and loves music, when one builds lofty mansions and carves ornate walls—if there is even one of these, none have failed to perish.” Or more smoothly: > “It is said: indulging inwardly in lust, outwardly in hunting, loving wine and music, building lofty houses and carved walls — whoever does even one of these, without exception, comes to ruin.” --- ### Explanation of key phrases: * **训有之** – “It has been taught” or “There is a saying.” (introduces a moral maxim) * **内作色荒** – “Inwardly indulge in lust/sensual pleasure.” * **外作禽荒** – “Outwardly indulge in hunting.” (“禽荒” = excessive hunting) * **甘酒嗜音** – “Fond of wine and addicted to music.” * **峻宇雕墙** – “Build lofty buildings and carved/ornate walls” — symbolizing luxury and extravagance. * **有一於此，未或不亡** – “If one has even one of these vices, there has never been anyone who did not perish (because of it).” So in essence, it's a **warning against decadence and luxury** — a moral principle that excess in pleasure, hunting, drink, music, or luxury leads inevitably to downfall. 《文选．邹阳．上书吴王》：「三淮南之心思坟墓，大王不忧，臣恐救兵之 不专。」 A clear translation of the passage would be: **“The people of the three southern Huai regions care only for their tombs; Your Majesty is not worried, but I fear that the relief troops will not act with single-minded devotion.”** Notes: * **三淮南** refers to the region south of the Huai River. * **心思坟墓** literally “their hearts are on their tombs,” meaning the people are preoccupied with their own graves/family matters rather than current affairs. * **救兵之不专** conveys concern that the dispatched troops may lack focus or wholehearted commitment. 《三国演义》第一○回：「操与语大悦，曰：『此吾之子房也！』遂以为行军司马。」 A clear and faithful translation: **“Cao spoke with him and was greatly delighted, saying, ‘This is my Zhang Liang!’ So he appointed him as Chief of Army Staff.”** Notes: * **子房** refers to **Zhang Liang**, the famous strategist of the early Han, used here as a compliment. * **行军司马** is a military staff officer, often rendered “Chief of Staff” or “Army Inspector.” 唐．皇甫冉〈同李司直诸公暑夜南余馆〉诗：「微官朝复夕，牵强亦何心。」 A clear and faithful translation is: **“A minor official, from morning to night; Forced to press on—what heart can truly be in it?”** Or more literal: **“As a low-ranking officer, I attend court morning and evening; Doing it only by forcing myself—what intention could I truly have?”** 《金史．卷四十八．食货志三》：「以国家之所自行者而强求之民，将若之何？」 Here is a clear and faithful translation: **“If the state insists on forcing upon the people something that it ought to carry out itself, what is to be done?”** Or slightly smoother: **“If the government demands from the people what it should be doing itself, what can come of it?”** -- 【汉文】日本高中汉文课程（中文字幕） https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV18t411X7v8/?spm_id_from=333.788.videocard.4 --

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