我知道有人把我的文章一部分转走了，这无所谓，反正那位板友也有放出处。 不过这边只是要厘清一个重点，怕被误解了： 所谓操典中的四十个操作火铳的步骤，并不是战阵上的指令。 详见： : Gervase Markham，《军人法度》(1626) : https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A06964.0001.001?view=toc https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A06964.0001.001/1:6?rgn=div1;view=fulltext As touching the Postures which belong to the Musquet,* they are fortie in n‧ mber, and are to be done; Fiue standing; three marching; eight-teene charging; and fourteene discharging: And are onely for Military Instruction in the time of Tray∣ ning, and to make the Souldier most exquisite and perfect. But in the time of present Service before the face of the enemy, or in fight, then all this great number of Postures, the Captaine shall reduce into three onely and no more. 操作火绳枪的四十个步骤，是用於操练，以便士兵熟习使用方法。 实际上作战时，并不会如此繁复的下达琐碎的口令，只会有三个指令： The three Postures or words of Command, which are vsed for the Musquet in the face of the enemie, in Fight, or in Skirmish, are these— 1. Make readie. 准备 2. Present. 瞄准 3. Giue fire. 开火 换言之，其实东西方战场上口令/乐器都肯定是越简便越好。 (1607年初版的荷兰军《武器操作》，重火绳枪是42个步骤，详情可参考： https://bit.ly/31FkAzH ) ==== 又，上面这段原文就已经提及他所谓四十个操典口令中， 五个是站姿，三个是行军姿势，和怎麽装填发射火绳枪没太大关系。 (就是国军新训教大家怎麽扛枪的概念) 剩下的部分可以和戚继光纪效新书十四卷本的铳歌对比， 我拿戚继光每一个步骤，对照上述Markham的操典是哪些步骤。 一洗铳 Cleare your Pann. (戚继光写的是「用口吹铳，使腹内洁净」，似乎是吹枪管？ Markham这个步骤只是用手指清理火门而已。 又，英国内战的习惯是事先放空枪来清掉枪管内残留火药渣滓) 二下药 Open your Charges. Charge your Musquet with Powder. (就只是把「拿出来」、「装进去」分成两步骤) 三送药实 Draw out your Scowring sticke. Shorten your sticke. Ramme in your powder. Draw out your sticke. (就是把每一个动作都切开来，连插进去抽出来都分开) 四下铅子 Charge with Bullet. 五送铅子 Ramme in your Bullet. Draw out your sticke. Shorten your sticke and put it vp. (可以看到，连把杖抽出来、收回去都是步骤) 六下纸 七送纸 (这部分Markham没对应的，实际上欧洲应该也不少见， 就是多塞一个纸团来避免游隙太大，子弹会滑出来) 八开火门 九下线药 Prime your Pann. Shut your Pann. Cast off your loose Cornes. Blow your Pann. Cast about your Musquet, with both your hands, and trayle your Rest. (注意：Markham是把这些步骤放在紧接着洗铳之後的最前面， 而且火门一开始是打开的状态，所以不用开； Markham这边也已经闭火门了，还有吹掉火门外的残余火药) 十仍闭火门安火绳 Carrie your Rest in your left hand, preparing to giue fire. Sloape your Musquet, and let the Rest sinke. In the right hand poyze your Musquet. In the left hand carrie the Musquet, with the Rest. In the right hand take your Match betweene the second finger and the thumbe. Hold the Match fast and blow it. Cocke your Match. Trie your Match. (因为重火绳枪有叉架，所以有一些步骤是说如何架枪； Markham已经闭火门了，所以这边就是安火绳拆出四个步骤) 十一听令开火门照准贼人举发 Guard the Pann and blow your Match. Open your Pann. Present your Musquet. Giue fire. (这部分其实是差不多，Markham多个吹火绳来确保火不会太小) 最後，Markham还有发射完後的步骤： Dismount your Musquet and carrie it with the Rest. Vncocke your Match and put it vp betweene your fingers. 以上单以火绳枪的操作而言，分解出的步骤差别没有说很大， 毕竟武器本身差不多，使用方法是能多不一样XD 所以我认为西欧在1600年代把各种步骤图像化，确实如部分学者所言是突破， 毕竟看图可能比较容易理解这些步骤是怎麽做。 至於我说晚明兵书步骤不明朗的内容，已经提过主要是指小队走位的部分， 不像当时西欧有很多不同的走位讨论(据称有38种之多)。 -- There are many people in the world who really don't understand, or say they don't, what is the great issue between the free world and the communist world. ～John F. Kennedy, 1963 --

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