有些地方不太确定文意，献丑了~ 原文： http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/29/world/europe/while-nsa-leaker-stays -in-hiding-russian-tv-builds-a-pedestal-for-him.html?hp&_r=0 While N.S.A. Leaker Stays in Hiding, Russian TV Builds a Pedestal for Him By ELLEN BARRY 当美国国家安全局的泄密人还在躲藏的时候，俄罗斯的电视台已经开始颂扬他。 Published: June 28, 2013 MOSCOW — While Edward J. Snowden has remained mysteriously hidden from sight during his visit to Russia this week, Russian television has been making him a hero. 莫斯科 —当爱德华史诺登这星期在俄罗斯持续神隐的时候，电视台已将他视为英雄。 On programs that were hastily arranged and broadcast on the two largest federal channels, he was compared to the dissident Andrei Sakharov, to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, and to Max Otto von Stirlitz, a dashing fictional double agent from Soviet television. He was described as “the man who declared war on Big Brother and got stuck in the transit zone,” and as “a soldier in the information war, who fights, of course, on the side of Russia, or maybe the side of China.” 在一个仓促在两个最热门的联邦频道上档的电视节目上，他被拿来与异议者安德烈·沙哈 诺夫，罗森堡夫妇，还有潇洒的虚构前苏联秘密特工马克思·斯季尔利茨相提并论。节目 这样描述史诺登：「跟老大哥宣战然後被困在转机区的人」，「为资料保护而战的战士， 而且是站在俄罗斯或是中国这一边」。 For as long as he remains here, one program’s host said, “the pulse of world history is beating here in Moscow.” 一个节目主持人说：「世界历史的脉动会持续震憾着莫斯科」，只要史诺登还留在这里。 Since Mr. Snowden landed in Moscow on Sunday, the likelihood that he will remain in Russia has steadily crept up. 从史诺登在周日降落在莫斯科时起，他留在俄罗斯的可能性就节节上升。 Though President Vladimir V. Putin said this week that “the sooner he chooses his final destination, the better for us and for him,” Mr. Snowden shows no sign of leaving. 虽然本周俄罗斯总统普丁说「他最好赶快决定他的最终目的地，这样不管是对他还是对我 们都好。」，史诺登看起来还是没有离开的打算。 The chance that Russia will turn him in has all but vanished, as evidenced by Thursday’s television programs, which were almost certainly produced under Kremlin orders and have a powerful effect on public opinion. Officials here have signaled an openness to granting him political asylum, and each passing day would seem to narrow Mr. Snowden’s options, giving the United States time to negotiate with Ecuador and Venezuela, other countries that may grant him asylum. 从周四的节目上来看，俄罗斯不可能将他送回美国，这应该百分之百是从克里姆林宫下达 的命令为舆论产生了强大的影响力。虽说官员曾公开有给他政治庇护的空间，但随着时间 一天一天过去，美国政府持续与厄瓜多或委内瑞拉这些可能会给予史诺登庇护的国家交涉 ，史诺登的选择也愈来愈少。 “I think the main thing for him right now is to guarantee his security,” said Igor Korotchenko, a former specialist in Russia’s top military command who now edits the magazine National Defense. “Already he cannot live his former life. The United States of America will look for him all over the world in order to punish him as an example to potential traitors and so that the political elite in Washington will be satisfied. They want his blood.” 「我想目前对他来说，最重要的是要保障他的安全。」前俄罗斯顶级军事专家，现为《国 家防御》杂志的主编伊格·科洛谦科这样说。「他已经不可能回到从前的生活。美国政府 为了杀鸡儆猴，一定会千里迢迢找到他并给予严惩，这样华府才会满意。他们渴望史诺登 的鲜血。」 “Whose protection does he want: Ecuador, Venezuela or Russia? It is hard to judge right now,” Mr. Korotchenko said. He added, “In Russia, he will find a country capable of guaranteeing his security because I think in Latin America the United States would find much opportunity to solve the problem, so to say.” 科洛谦科说：「他想要哪个国家的庇护？厄瓜多？委内瑞拉？还是俄罗斯？目前很难决定 。」他并补充：「他在俄罗斯会找到能保证他安全的国家，因为我想拉丁美洲会找到解决 问题的方法。」 So far, there is no consensus among Russian elites on whether Russia should grant Mr. Snowden asylum, a step that would advertise the country, cold-war-style, as a haven for Western dissidents. Russia’s upper house of Parliament has invited him to testify about the impact of spying by the National Security Agency on Russian citizens, and about the activities of giant Internet companies that may have shared information with the agency. 到目前为止，俄罗斯高层对於是否要以庇护史诺登的方式，作为「冷战式」宣传俄罗斯为 欧美异议者的天堂，还没达到共识。俄罗斯上议院已经邀请他去为美国国家安全局的对俄 罗斯公民的情搜，和跨国网际网路公司是否与政府合作分享资讯做出说明。 Though Mr. Putin has made it a central goal to challenge American dominance in world affairs, the potential cost of granting Mr. Snowden asylum has come into sharper focus over the past few days. Russia will host President Obama in September, and would be stung if the visit were called off. Powerful figures like Igor I. Sechin, who as chairman of Rosneft has struck a series of bold deals with Western oil companies, may also be worried about the potential repercussions. Mr. Putin and many of those around him are former intelligence officers, and they may see Mr. Snowden as a traitor, and an unpredictable player. 虽然普丁的最终目标是要挑展美国在世界事务的霸主之位，可是庇护史诺登的後果已经在 过去这几天突然浮出台面。如果欧巴马预定九月的访问俄罗斯的事被取消了，俄罗斯将会 付出惨痛代价。俄罗斯的权贵们，例如俄罗斯石油公司总裁伊格·谢钦这个已经与欧美石 油公司达成了一些大胆的交易的，也相当担心庇护史诺登会造成不好的影响。普丁跟他身 边这些曾经在情报单位待过的人可能会把史诺登视做叛徒或是反覆无常的玩家。 Igor M. Bunin, the director of the Center for Political Technologies in Moscow, said that by far the best solution for Moscow would be to send Mr. Snowden to another country, “to Ecuador, Venezuela, to Cuba, wherever.” 莫斯科政治技术中心所长布宁说，很显然地对莫斯科来说最好的结果就是把史诺登送到别 的国家去，「厄瓜多、委内瑞拉、还是古巴都好。」。 “Snowden is like a hot meat pie in your hands: even if you want to eat it very much, it’s very hot and maybe it’s better to throw it on the floor,” Mr. Bunin said. “To make a deal with America to turn Snowden over would be a slap in the face of public opinion because he is already a hero in Russia and part of the West. On the other hand, not turning him over destroys your relationship with America.” 「史诺登就像块烫手的肉派，即使你很想吃他，可是他烫到可能你最好把他丢在地上。」 布宁说。「跟美国商量把史诺登送回去无疑是给舆论打了一巴掌，因为他对俄罗斯与部份 西方国家来说已经是个英雄。可另一方面来说，不把他送回去又会打坏跟美国的关系。」 Unlike Ecuador and Venezuela, Russia has avoided staking out a position on political asylum for Mr. Snowden, and in his remarks at a news conference on Tuesday, Mr. Putin said he hoped not to become personally involved. 俄罗斯拒绝像厄瓜多和委内瑞拉一样对於给予史诺登政治庇护与否表明立场；在本周二的 新闻会议上，普丁也表明他希望他个人不要被卷入这起事件。 But on Wednesday the Kremlin apparently decided to hastily arrange two hourlong talk shows devoted to the case. Each focused less on Mr. Snowden himself than on the flaws of the United States and the threat posed by its intelligence apparatus. Aleksandr I. Shumilin, a political analyst who was invited to appear, said he had turned down the request, sensing that the result would be a “mighty propagandistic blow: not a shot from a pistol, but a shot from a cannon.” 但是在本周三克里姆林宫似乎仓促决定安排两场长达一小时的谈话节目来表达其立场。他 们并不把重点放在史诺登身上，而是着重在美国的破绽与其情报机构所构成的威胁。被邀 请到场的政治分析家亚列格桑大·舒米林拒绝这个要求，因为他觉得这最後会变成「有力 的宣传打击：不是像从镜头来的闪光，而是从大炮来的炮击」。 (最後一句不是很确定，请网友帮忙指正) One program featured a panel of legendary counterintelligence agents, including a man famous for meeting with Lee Harvey Oswald a few months before the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Their discussion often turned to the subject of American spying on Russia. Mr. Korotchenko, one of the guests, made the case that most of the major American consulting firms in Moscow were actually “structural units of American intelligence,” including the National Security Agency. 有一个主导反情蒐的小组，其中包括一个在甘乃迪总统遇刺之前的几个月遇到李·哈维· 奥斯华的名人。他们的讨论焦点常常会转移到美国对俄罗斯的情搜。其中一位来宾科罗宣 科证实在莫斯科的大部份美国分公司事实上都是属於「美国情报单位的一部份」， 包括 美国国家安全局。 (第一句不是很确定，请网友帮忙指正) “The N.S.A. is a global electronic vacuum cleaner, which monitors everything, ” he said “Look at the top two floors of the new building of the U.S. Embassy — it’s a huge antenna, which listens to the Moscow air.” 「美国国家安全局就像一台可以吸取世界上所有东西的吸尘器。」，他这麽说；「看看美 国大使馆新盖的大楼最高的那两层，那是个超大型天线，可以接收莫斯科的一切消息。」 Similar themes were sounded a few hours later on Channel 1, when the pro-Kremlin analyst Vyacheslav A. Nikonov warned that the United States, through its dominance over the Internet, could “strongly undermine the security of other states.” 几个小时之後，第一频道接续着类似的主题，亲克里姆林宫的分析家亚薛斯拉夫·尼口诺 夫紧告美国可能以其在网际网路上的主导地位「强烈损害其他国家的安全」。 “The Internet is an invention of the U.S. Ministry of Defense,” Mr. Nikonov said. “Where is the Internet? Physically, it is in the United States. What is the Internet? It’s an American nongovernmental organization which is, of course, connected with the intelligence services of the United States.” 「网际网路可是美国国防部发明的。」尼可诺夫接着说，「网际网路在哪？他的实体就在 美国。网际网路又是什麽？他本来是个美国非政府组织，当然跟美国情报系统相连。」 Many speakers argued that Mr. Snowden’s case should neutralize, once and for all, Western criticism of Mr. Putin’s domestic policies. Convincing Russian citizens of this point is especially crucial now, when Russian courts have brought serious charges against several dozen Russians who led or took part in a wave of antigovernment protests. 很多来宾争论着史诺登事件是否会从此中和欧美对普丁国内政策的批评。尤其这个节骨眼 法院严重指控数十名俄罗斯人牵线或参与反政府抗议浪潮，说服俄罗斯国民这一点尤为重 要。 Aleksandr Prokhanov, a nationalist ideologue who has emerged as a leader in conservative thought, called Mr. Snowden “a soldier of the information war,” stripping the United States of its right to criticize other countries. 理论主义思想家亚列山大普罗哈诺夫以身为保守思想的领导者称史诺登为「为资料保护而 战的战士」，以此剥夺美国批评其他国家的权利。 “For Americans, human rights is a powerful tool for influencing other countries,” Mr. Prokhanov said. “A country ‘violates human rights,’ and its president becomes a devil incarnate, the society destabilizes, the human rights issue is followed by attack planes, and the country is wiped out from the face of the earth.” 「对美国来说，人权是个用来影响别的国家的强大工具。」普罗哈诺夫说，「一个「侵犯 人权」国家的总统是魔鬼的化身，社会会因此不稳定，然後跟着人权问题到来的会是美国 的战斗机，最後这各国家会从地球表面消失。」 Others speakers, like Veronika Krasheninnikova, urged Russians to rally around Mr. Snowden, noting the 60th anniversary this month of the execution of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, who were convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage. 其他像维若尼卡.卡森尼尼可娃等来宾力劝俄罗斯援助史诺登，并且提醒这个月是罗森堡 夫妇因被认定共谋犯间谍罪而被处死後的六十周年。 “I remind you that the death penalty still exists in the United States, so it ’s not something impossible,” Ms. Krasheninnikova said. “One has to remember it.” 「我必须提醒你，美国还没废除死刑，所以没有什麽是不可能的。」卡森尼尼可娃说，「 记住这一点。」。 Nikolai V. Zlobin, a political analyst and writer who often appears on Russian television to articulate an American perspective and was invited to appear on both shows, said he believed Russian leaders were weighing the cost and benefit of different outcomes to Mr. Snowden’s case. In the end, he said, they can secure a propaganda coup without the participation of Mr. Snowden himself, and without granting him political amnesty. 常常在俄罗斯电视节目上阐述美国观点的政治分析家兼作家尼可来·斯洛宾也被邀请上这 两个谈话节目去说明他相信俄罗斯政要们会针对史诺登的事权衡利弊。在节目最後他说， 他们就算没有史诺登参与或是不给他政治庇护也能巩固这个赢面。 “What happens now doesn’t matter because public opinion in Russia has already been shaped. America is lying, dishonest, and has double standards,” Mr. Zlobin said. “It’s a Christmas gift. They are trying to find the most deft way to use it, but it is unexpected, and they don’t know how to handle it.” 「现在不管再发生什麽事都无所谓，因为俄罗斯的舆论已经定型了。美国政府说谎，不诚 实，还有双重标准。」斯洛宾说。「这是个耶诞礼物，他们在用最灵巧的方式去使用它， 不过他们不知道怎麽去驾驭这个意想不到的礼物。」。 --

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