两篇文章 一篇是今天逛网路发现的 http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2008/new/jul/21/today-health3.htm 这是投书 因为他是引国外研究 所以看了之後我又去找来源 找到这篇 http://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=6983 所以两篇都贴在下方跟大家分享 :P ============================================================================== 学习多种语言 有助减缓心智退化 文／柯俊铭 　　随着年纪增长，许多民众会抱怨「头壳」变差。今年5月发表在国外「心理学与 老化」期刊的一份报告指出，平时若能学习多种语言，有助减缓年老造成的心智退化 。 　　该研究由以色列特拉维夫（Tel Aviv）大学临床神经心理学家Gitit Kave博士所 主持，分析Baruch Modan教授於1989年调查蒐集的资料，探讨学习语言多寡与脑机能 退化的相关性。 　　计有814人实际参与调查，年纪介於75至95岁，持续追踪达12年。过程中，所有 人均接受3次晤谈，询问内容除基本资料外，还包括当事者懂得几种语言、母语是什 麽、哪一种语言讲的最好等。 　　另外，每次晤谈结束也实施两项神经心理测验，藉以了解其注意力、记忆力、语 文理解等认知功能的程度，作为心智退化的参考依据。 ◎最後个案依会的语言数被分为2种、3种与多种语言组，并进行比较。统计发现： ●懂得的语言数与测验分数有密切关联。个案会说的语言愈多，其认知功能似乎就愈 　佳。 ●关联性在未受过教育者身上最强。未受过教育却能说多种语言者，认知功能并没有 　较差，测验表现反而比受过教育而只能说少数语言者好。 ●教育程度虽与认知功能也具显着关联，但在测验分数的预测力上，仍不若会说的语 　言数来的强。 　　研究者表示，大脑运作的原理是「用进废退」，越常操练，就会越灵光。学习多 种语言除能让我们接触不同文化，扩展知识、学问外，无形中也可以运动大脑，促使 神经元产生新的连结网络，对於抗拒老化导致的脑机能衰退有潜移默化的效果。 　　有监於此，想要保养大脑，不妨勤练多种语言，增加学习的机会，对大脑机能维 护与职场实力累积都能有所裨益。 （作者为公职临床心理师） ============================================================================== TAU Study Finds Connection Between Mental Fitness and Multi-Lingualism Wednesday, May 7, 2008 Can speaking another language slow the aging process in the mind? Children who speak a second or third language may have an unexpected advantage later in life, a new Tel Aviv University study has found. Knowing and speaking many languages may protect the brain against the effects of aging. Dr. Gitit Kave, a clinical neuro-psychologist from the Herczeg Institute on Aging at Tel Aviv University, together with her colleagues Nitza Eyal, Aviva Shorek, and Jiska Cohen-Manfield, discovered recently that senior citizens who speak more languages test for better cognitive functioning. The results of her study were published in the journal Psychology and Aging. However, Kave says that one should approach these findings with caution. "There is no sure-fire recipe for avoiding the pitfalls of mental aging. But using a second or third language may help prolong the good years," she advises. Exercising the Brain A person who speaks more languages is likely to be more clear-minded at an older age, she says, in effect "exercising" his or her brain more than those who are monolingual. Languages may create new links in the brain, contributing to this strengthening effect. The research was based on a survey taken in 1989 on people between the ages of 75 and 95. Each person was asked how many languages he or she knew, what his or her mother tongue was, and which language he or she spoke best. The researchers compared bilingual speakers to tri- and multilingual speakers. Analyzing the results, the researchers found that the more languages a person spoke, the better his or her cognitive state was. A person's level of education was also strongly associated with cognitive state, but the number of languages contributed to the prediction of cognitive fitness beyond the effect of education alone. A Matter of Words, Not Degrees Although the easiest way to explain the findings was to point out the relationship between higher education and number of languages, this was not the whole story. In fact, Dr. Kave says, "We found that more languages were most significantly correlated with cognitive state in those people who had no education at all." Dr. Kave, however, adds a note when interpreting the statistics. "The study looked at the final result and not the cause," she says. Use It or Lose It? A future question for research, according to Kave, is whether languages reflect an initial potential for prolonged mental fitness, or that learning and speaking more languages actually do something to the brain over time. While the controversy continues as to whether or not parents should introduce their young children to a second language, Kave thinks that learning a new language is only a good thing, even if it isn’t intended to stave off mental decline in old age. "In my professional opinion, learning a new language can only do good things," she believes. "Other languages are good for you at any age. They allow for a flexibility of thought and a channel for understanding another culture better, as well as your own," says Kave. -- ◢▆◣ ▉▃◤ ◢▆◣ ◢▆◣ ◢▆◣ 成功电研 █◤ ▕█◥▎ █◤ ◥▆◣ █◤ 沉淀日记 ◥▆◤ █ ▕◣ ◥▆◤ ◥▄◤ ◥▆◤ Origin ☆ bbs.ckcsc.info。ckcsc.twbbs.org Author ☆ Astroviolin From ☆ 203-70-103-73.adsl.dynamic.seed.net.tw(数位联合) ※ Chengheong:转录至看板 Language 11/19 11:07