Fielding Runs are based on the player's fielding statistics at each position compared to the league average for this number of innings played. This is the basic formula: PFR/(PO-SO for team)-LFR/(PO-SO for league*Player Innings PFR is the player fielding rate, while LFR is the league fielding rate. The rates at each position are as follows: 1B:.2(2A-E) P, 2B, SS, 3B: .2(PO+2A-E+DP) OF:.2(PO+4A-E+DP) C:.2(PO-SO+.4(A-CS)-E+DP+PB/2) There are other factors added in to adjust for the handedness of the team's pitchers, and the amount of double play opportunites for the player. To adjust for the handedness of pitchers, the basic formula is multiplied by this equation: (1+ADJ*YF*DLHP) ADJ is the adjustmen figure appropriate for the position and statistic. No adjustment is needed for catchers or center fielders. These are the adjustment figures for each positon and stat: 1B:n/a PO, -.4 A 2B:.23 PO, -.27 A 3B:-.22 PO, .34 A SS:-.1 PO, .14 A LF:-.16 PO, n/a A RF:.09 PO, n/a A YF is the year factor, necessary because this factory steadily increased in importance for 1910 to 1970. Before 1910 the YF is 0, so no adjustment is needed. The adjustment can be calculated for each year from 1910 through 1970 by subtractting 1910 from th ear in question and then dividing by 60. After 1970 the YF is always 1. DLHP is the difference in the precentage of left-handed pitching from the league average. DP opportunities were estimated from hits, BB, HBP, and HR allowed, plus errors committed. Using a multiplier for homers to account for DP opportunites lost did not improve the estimate in years where there are actual data: the average error in these years was around 2 percent. The formula for calculating DP opportunites is: .662(H-HR+BB+HBP+.575E) Individual DPs were divided by the team DP opp. divided by the league average DP opp. fro catchers, there is an aditioinal defensive calculation made to rate them on other defensive aspects. I won't go into that here, though, since we're talking about a shortstop. I answered the question about how they are calculated, and I'll answer the others as best I can: 2.Positions that demand more defense (SS, 2B, C, 3B) tend to have more fielding runs than the outfielders and 1B, which is to be expected. You can't really compare defensive value between different positions by using fielding runs. Since fielding runs is part of Batter Fielder Wins or TPR, that really is a good thing about it, because it gives a positional adjustment for positions from which less offense is expected. 3.They really aren't all that accurate compared to other fielding metrics, but they are a decent metric if it's all you have access to. 4.The 2005 ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia has fielding runs listed for every player in MLB history, and in every season. http://www.baseball-fever.com/showthread.php?t=32745 --

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