通讯阵列借用 ※ [本文转录自 TY_Research 看板] 作者: xglaver (荆棘海) 看板: TY_Research 标题: 高尔书中提到十个关於全球暖化的错误想法 时间: Sat Nov 4 00:23:59 2006 　　除了电影　不愿面对的真相　也有同名的专书 　　不知道会不会出中文版 　　书本最後有提到很多个人减少碳排放的做法 　　也有　The 10 most common misconceptions about global warming 　　给大家当个参考 　　Misconception 1 　　" Scientists disagree about whether humans are causing the Earth's 　　　climate to change." 　→　In fact, there is strong scientific consensus that human activities 　　　are changing the Earth's climates. Scientists overwhelmingly 　　　agree that the Earth is getting warmer, that this trend is caused by 　　　people, and that if we continue to pump greenhouse gases into the 　　　atmosphere, the warming will be increasingly harmful. 　　Misconception 2 　　" Lots of things can impact climate -- so there's no reason we should 　　　single out CO2 to worry about." 　→　Climate is sensitive to many things besides carbon dioxide -- sunspots, 　　　for one, as well as water vapor. But this just proves how much we 　　　should worry about CO2 and other human-influenced green house gases. 　　　The fact that the climate system has been shown to be sensitive to 　　　many sorts of natural changes throughout history should serve as a red 　　　flag: We need to pay attention to the massive and unprecedented 　　　changes we're causing. We have become more powerful than any force 　　　of nature. 　　Misconception 3 　　" Climate naturally varies over time, so any change we're seeing now is 　　　just part of a natural cycle." 　→　Climate does naturally change. By studying tree rings, take sediments, 　　　ice cores, and other natural features that provide a record of past 　　　climates, scientists know that changes in climate, including abrupt 　　　changes, have occurred throughout history. But these changes all took 　　　place with natural variations in carbon dioxide levels that were 　　　smaller than the ones we are now causing. Cores taken from deep in 　　　the ice of Antarctica show that carbon dioxide levels are higher now 　　　than they have been at any time in the last 650,000 years, which means 　　　we are outside the realm of natural climate variation. More CO2 in 　　　the atmosphere means warming temperatures. 　　Misconception 4 　　" The hole in the ozone layer causes global warming." 　→　There is a relationship between climate change and the ozone hole, but 　　　this isn't it. The hole in the ozone layer -- a part of the upper 　　　atmosphere that contains high concentrations of ozone gas and shields 　　　the planet from the sun's radiation -- is due to man-made chemicals 　　　called CFCs, which were banned by an international agreement called 　　　the Montreal Protocol. The hole causes extra UV radiation to reach 　　　the Earth's surface, but it does not affect the Earth's temperature. 　　　The only connection between the ozone layer and climate change is 　　　almost the exact opposite of the myth stated above. Global warming -- 　　　while not responsible for the ozone hole -- could actually slow the 　　　natural repairing of the ozone layer. Global warming heats the lower 　　　atmosphere but actually cools the stratosphere, which can worsen 　　　stratospheric ozone loss. 　　Misconception 5 　　" There is nothing we can do about climate change. It's already too 　　　late." 　→　This is the worst misconception of all. If "denial ain't just a river 　　　in Egypt," despair ain't just a tire in the trunk. There are lots of 　　　things we can do -- but we need to start now. We can't ignore the 　　　causes and impacts of climate change any longer. We need to reduce 　　　our use of fossil fuels, through a combination of government 　　　initiatives, industry innovation, and individual action. Dozens of 　　　things you can do are outlined in this resource guide. (注：指本书) 　　Misconception 6 　　" Antarctica's ice sheets are growing, so it must not be true that 　　　global warming is causing glaciers and sea ice to melt." 　→　Some ice on Antarctica may be growing -- though other areas of 　　　the continent are clearly melting and a new 2006 study shows that 　　　overall the ice is shrinking in Antarctica. Even if some of the ice 　　　is getting bigger, not shrinking, this doesn't change the fact that 　　　global warming is causing glaciers and sea ice to melt around the 　　　world. Globally, more than 85% of glaciers are shrinking. And in 　　　any case, localized impacts of climate change don't cancel out the 　　　global trends that scientists are observing. 　　　Some people also mistakenly claim (in Michael Crichton's novel State 　　　of Fear, for instance) that Greenland's ice is growing. In fact, 　　　recent satellite data from NASA shows that Greenland's ice cap is 　　　shrinking every year, causing sea levels to rise. The loss of that 　　　ice doubled from 1996 to 2005. Greenland lost 50 cubic kilometers 　　　of ice in 2005 alone. 　　Misconception 7 　　" Global warming is a good thing, because it will rid us of frigid 　　　winters and make plants grow more quickly." 　→　This myth just doesn't seem to die. Because local impacts will 　　　vary, it's true that some specific places may experience more pleasant 　　　winter weather. But the negative impact of climate change vastly 　　　outweighs any local benefits. Take the oceans, for example. Changes 　　　to the oceans caused by global warming are already causing massive 　　　die-offs of coral reefs, which are crucial sources of food and shelter 　　　for creatures at every stage of the ocean food chain, all the way 　　　up to us. Melting ice sheets are causing sea levels to rise, and if 　　　big ice sheets melt into the ocean, many coastal cities around the 　　　world will flood and millions of people will become refugees. There 　　　are just some of the consequences of global warming. 　　　Other predicted impacts include prolonged periods of drought, more 　　　severe flooding, more intense storms, soil erosion, mass species 　　　extinction, and human health risks from new diseases. The small 　　　number of people who experience better weather may be doing it in 　　　a landscape that is nearly unrecognizable. 　　Misconception 8 　　" The warming scientists are recording is just the effect of cities 　　　trapping heat, rather than anything to do with green house gases." 　→　People who want to deny global warming because it's easier than 　　　dealing with it try to argue that what scientists are really 　　　observing is just the "urban heat island" effect, meaning that cities 　　　tends to trap heat because of all the buildings and asphalt. This 　　　is simply wrong. Temperature measurements are generally taken in 　　　parks, which are actually cool areas within the urban heat islands. 　　　And long-term temperature records showing just rural areas are 　　　nearly identical to long-term records that include both rural areas 　　　and cities. Most scientific research shows that "urban heat islands" 　　　have a negligible effect on the overall warming of the planet. 　　Misconception 9 　　" Global warming is the result of a meteor that crashed in Siberia in 　　　the early 20th century." 　→　This may sound absurd to some of us, but it's real hypothesis 　　　suggested by a Russian scientist. So what's wrong with it? Basically, 　　　everything. The impact of a meteor, much like a volcanic eruption, 　　　might have immediate effects on climate if it were large enough. But 　　　there is no record of warming or cooling during the period after this 　　　meteor hit. The effects that would have been produced by the meteor 　　　would have involved water vapor, which only stays in the upper 　　　atmosphere for a few years at the most. Any effects would have been 　　　short-term, and could not be felt this far in the future. 　　Misconception 10 　　" Temperatures in some areas aren't increasing, so global warming is 　　　a myth." 　→　It is certainly true that the temperature is not rising at every 　　　point on the planet. In Michael Crichton's novel The State of Fear, 　　　characters pass around graphs that show specific places around the 　　　world where temperatures are decreasing slightly or remaining the same. 　　　The graphs represent real data from real scientists. But while they 　　　may be fact, they don't prove the point. Global warming refers to 　　　the rise in the average temperature of the entire Earth's surface 　　　due to increased levels of greenhouse gases. 　　　Because the climate is an incredibly complex system, the impacts of 　　　climate change will not be the same everywhere. Some areas of the 　　　globe -- such as northern Europe -- might actually become colder. But 　　　this does not change the fact that overall, the surface temperature 　　　of the planet is rising, as are the temperatures of our oceans. The 　　　gains have been demonstrated by several types of measurements -- 　　　including satellite data -- that all show the same general results. 　　　 　　 --

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