(只有这些了 还有谁可以贡献其他的??) 名词解释：(各2分, 共30分) 1. Ecological niche, 2. Commensalism, 3. Eutrophication, 4. Atoll, 5. Larvacean 6. Epiphytes, 7. coral bleaching, 8. Zooxanthellae, 9. Holoplankton, 10. Pteropods 11. Epifauna, 12. Counterillumination, 13. Shellfish, 14. Ciguatera, 15. mesenterial filaments 简答题：(各8分, 72分) 1. There are marked differences in the type of organisms found at four different locations at the same tidal height along a rocky shore. What might account for this? Offer at least three possible explanations. 2. Scientists predict that the ocean will get warmer and the sea level will rise as a result of an intensified greenhouse effect. How might this affect coral reefs? 3. There are only a few reefs of the northeast coast of Brazil, even though it lies in the tropics. How would you explain this? 4. Spiny species of diatoms are found both in warm subtropical waters as well as in colder areas. Because warm water is less dense than cold water, would you predict any differences between the spines of warm-water and cold-water individuals? Why? 5. The deep-sea floor has been considered as a potential site for the disposal of toxic and radioactive wastes. What questions about the biology, geology, and chemistry of the deep-sea environment do you think should be answered before such plans are approved? 6. The mariculture of many food species is expensive, and often only high-priced species are raised. This type of mariculture is of little help to the poor nations where food is needed the most. What measures and new developments might help increase the value of mariculture to these poor nations? 7. What is “upwelling”? How is it formed? Point the types of upwelling. 8. Describe at least 4 types of fishing methods (or gears) and possible or targeted marine species caught by these 4 methods (or gears). 9. Please describe the types of estuaries and their possible origins and give at least one example for each type. -- 我不必成为世界上最好的人... 但我要成为世界上对你最好的人... --

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