课程名称︰几何分析概论 课程性质︰数学系选修 课程教师︰崔茂培 开课学院：理学院 开课系所︰数学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2016/04/22 考试时限（分钟）：100 试题 : There is a 20% discount for those problems that you turn in after the in- class exam. This is an open book exam. You can use the textbooks, notes, and computers during the exam. But you can not use google search during the exam. Please write down the details and explain your argument carefully. 2n-1 n Let n ≧ 2 and f: S → S be a smooth map between oriented spheres. Let ω n be a smooth n-form on S with ∫ ω = 1. S^n n n (a) (15 pts) Show that [ω] ∈ H (S , |R) ≠ 0. 2n-1 (b) (15 pts) Show that f*ω = dγ for some (n-1)-form γ on S . (c) (20 pts) With notation as above, define H(f) = ∫ γ Λ dγ. Show S^{2n-1} that H(f) is independent of the choices of γ and ω. (d) (15 pts) Show that H(f) = H(g) if f is homotopic to g. (e) (20 pts) Show that if n is odd, then H(f) is zero for any f. 3 2 (f) (20 pts) If F: S → S is the Hopf map defined by 2 2 2 2 F(X , X , X , X ) = (2(X X + X X ), 2(X X - X X ), (X + X ) - (X + X )). 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 4 2 3 1 3 2 4 4 As a submanifold of |R , the 3-sphere is 3 2 2 2 2 S = {(X , X , X , X ): X + X + X + X = 1}, 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 and the 2-sphere is a submanifold of |R , 2 2 2 2 S = {(x , x , x ): x + x + x = 1}. 1 2 3 1 2 3 Find H(F). (Hint: You may want to choose the 2-form to be 1 1 2 3 2 1 3 3 1 2 ω = ──(x dx Λdx - x dx Λdx + x dx Λdx ). 4π In general, ︿ n+1 i-1 i 1 i n+1 Ω = Σ (-1) x dx Λ...Λdx Λ...Λdx , i=1 i i where the caret ^ over dx indicates that dx is to be omitted. Recall that n n+1 n+1 Ω is an orientation form on S with ∫ Ω = (n+1) Vol(D ), where D = S^n n+1 4 2 3 {x ∈ |R : ║x║ < 1}. Vol(D ) = π /2 and Vol(D ) = 4π/3.) -- 移居二次元(|R^2)的注意事项： 3. 如果你在从事random walk，往上下左右的 1. connectedness不保证pathwise connec- 的机率都是1/4，则你能回家的机率是1。 tedness。可能你跟你的幼驯染住很近， 4. 下面这个PDE是二次元上的波方程式 却永远没办法到她家。 http://i.imgur.com/2H9HllP.png 2. ODE的C^1 autonomous system不会出现 它的解不满足Huygens' principle，因此 chaos，在预测事情上比较方便。 讲话时会听到自己的回音，很不方便。 --

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