课程名称︰经济学一 课程性质︰选修 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰2015/1//15 考试时限（分钟）：180分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 试题 : 一、选择题(45%)：不须说明，写出正确答案即可。 1. Which of the following is a dsiadvantage of government provision of a public good such as national defense? (i)The government does not know the exact willingness of consumers to pay for the public good. (ii)The free-rider problem is more likely to occur when the government provides a public than when the private sector provides a public good. (iii)Taxpayers do not agree on the optimal quantity of the public good that the government should provide. (A) (i) only (B) (i) and (ii) only (C) (i) and (iii) only (D) (i), (ii), and (iii) 2. A stairwell in a certain office building is always congested at 12:00 p.m. The congestion is so bad that people have been complaining to the building's owner. Which of the following methods would be the most efficient way of reducing congestion? (A) Assign each person in the building a time when they are allowed to use the stairwell. (B) Encourage people to voluntarily keep off the stairwell during peak times. (C) Charge everyone who use the stairwell when it is congested the same fee. People who value the use of the stairs the most will be the ones who use the stairwell at peak times. (D) Hold a lottery to determine who wins the right touse the stairwell at peak times. 3. Suppose that installing an overhead pedstrian walkway would cost a college twon $150,000. The walkway is except to reduce the risk of fatality by 3 percent, and the cost of human life is estimated at $10 million. The town should (A) install the walkway because the estimated benefit is twice the cost. (B) install the walkway because the estimated benefit equals the cost. (C) not install the walkway, since the cost is twice the estmated benefit. (D) install the walkway, since the ocst of even single life is too great not to take action. 4. Zoe, Choe, and Brody each like to read novels. The current mystery triller costs $10. Zoe values it at $15, Choe at $13, and Brody at $11. Suppose that if government taxes books at 50 cents each the selling price rise to $10.50. A consequence of the tax is that (A) consumer surplus shrinks by $1.50 and the tax revenues increase by $1.50, so there is no deadweight loss. (B) consumer surplus shrinks by $9.00 and the tax revenues increase by $1.50, so there is a deadweight loss of $7.50. (C) consumer surplus shrinks by $7.50 and the tax revenues increase by $7.50, so there is no deadweight loss. (D) consumer surplus shrinks by $7.50 and the tax revenues increase by $1.50, so there is a deadweight loss of $6. 5. When a tax is justified on the basis that the taxpayers who pay the tax receive specific government services from payment of the tax, the tax (A) is considered horizontalloy equitable. (B) burden is minimized. (C) satisfies the benefits principle. (D) is considered vertically equitable. 6. Which of the following expressions is correct? (A) accounting profit = economic profit + implict costs (B) accounting profit = total revenue - implict costs (C) economic profit = accounting profit + explict costs (D) economic profit = total revenue - implict costs 7. A profit-maximizing firm in a competive market is able to sell its products for $7. At its current level of output, the firm's average total cost is $10. The firm's margianl cost curve crosses it marginal revenue curve at an output level of 9 units. The firm experiences a (A) profit of more than $27. (B) profit of exactly $27. (C) loss of more than $27. (D) loss of exactly $27. 8. Consider a profit-maximizing monopoly pricing under the following conditions. The profit-maxizing quantity is 40 units, the profit-maxizing price is $160, and the narginal cost of 40th unit is $120. If the good were producedin a perfectly competive market, the equilibrium quantity would be 50, and the equilibrium price would be $150. The demand curve and marginal cost curves are linear. What is the value of the deadweight loss created by the monopolist? (A) $40 (B) $100 (C) $200 (D) $400 9. Which of the following statement is correct? Monopolies are socially inefficient because they (i) charge a price above marginal cost. (ii) produce to little output. (iii) earn profits at the expeanse of consumers. (iv) maximize the market's total surplus. (A) (iii) only (B) (i) and (ii) only (C) (iii) and (iv) only (D) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) 10. Which of the following condition is characteristic of a monopolistically competive firm in short-run equilibrium? (A) P > AR (B) MR > MC (C) P > MC (D) All of the above are correct. 11. In a two-person repeated game, a tit-for-tat strategy starts with (A) cooperation and then each player mimics the other play's last move. (B) cooperation and then each player is unresponsive to the strategic moves of the other player. (C) noncooperation and then each player pursues his or her own self-interest. (D) noncooperation and then each player cooperates when the other player demonstrates a desire for the cooperative solution. 12. Rosie's Flower Shop sells floral arrangments for $20 each. If Rosie hires 10 workers, she can sell 600 arrangement per week. If she hires 11 workers, she can sell 650 arrangements per week. Rosie pays each of her workers $400 per week. Which of the following is correct? (A) For the 11th worker, the marginal profit is $1,000. (B) For the 11th worker, the value of marginal product is $1,000. (C) The firm is maximizing its profit. (D) If thefirm is employing 11 workers, then its profit would increase if it cut back to 10 workers. 13. Coal mining is a dangerous and dirty job. Suppose someone developed new machinery that made coal minig safer snd cleaner; at the same time; suppose it made coal miners more productive. We would expect that the wages of coal miners would (A) rise. (B) fall. (C) stay exactly the same. (D) rise, fall, or stay the same. 14. Which theory is supportive of the idea that increasing educational levels for all workers would raise all workers' productivity and therefore their wages? (A) the theory of compensating differentials (B) the efficient-market hypothesis (C) human-capital theory (D) signaling theory 15. Liberalism is founded on a premise that behind a "veil of ignorance," (A) justice cannot be agreed upon. (B) everyone's income should be equal. (C) everyone would agree to "just" rules to reallocate income. (D) society should maximize th sum of individual utilities. 二、非选择题(55%)：答题时请适当说明你的想法，答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。 1. (15%)请简要回答以下问题。 (A) (5%)请问以下叙述是否正确？ 累退税 (regressive tax) 的所得税制必然同时违反水平公平 (horizontal equity) 和垂直公平 (vertical equity) 原则。 (B) (5%)请根据底下的资料，利用罗伦兹曲线 (Lorenz Curve) 的观念，判断哪一国 的所得分配较不平均，为什麽？ ---------------------------------------------------- 家户累积百分比 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ---------------------------------------------------- A国所得累积百分比 6% 18% 38% 66% 100% B国所得累积百分比 4% 14% 34% 61% 100% ---------------------------------------------------- (C) (5%)低学费政策之下，大学教育的供给量小於需求量，我国入学制度主要以考试 成绩来决定入学机会的分配。请由家庭背景、考试成绩和大学受政府补贴程度的 关联性，说明为什麽我国的低学费政策是一种「逆向」的所得重分配？ 2. (10%) You live in a twon with 300 adults and 200 children, and you are thinking about putting on a play to entertain your neighbors and make some money. A play has a fixed cost of $2,000, but selling an extra ticket has zero marginal cost. Here are the demand schedules for your two types of consumers. Table 1: Demand Schedule ---------------------------- Price Adults Children ---------------------------- $10 0 0 $9 100 0 $8 200 0 $7 300 0 $6 300 0 $5 300 100 $4 300 200 $3 300 200 $2 300 200 $1 300 200 ---------------------------- (A) (4%) To maximize profit, what price would you charge for an adult ticket? For a child's ticket? How much profit do you make? (B) (3%) The city council passes a law projibiting you from charging different prices to different customers. What price do you set for a ticket now? How much profit do you make? (C) (3%) Who is worse worse off because of the law prohibiting price discrimination? Who is better off? 3. (15%) The nation of Ectenia has 20 competive apple orchards, which sell apples at the world price of $2. The following equation describes the production funtion and the marginal of labor in each orchard: Q = 100L - L^2 MPL = 100 - 2L where Q is the number of apples produced a day, L is the number of workers, and MPL is the marginal product of labor. (A) (3%) What is each orchard's labor demand as a function of the daily wage W? What is the market's labor demand? (B) (4%) Ectenia has 200 wokers who supply their labor inelastically. Solve for the wage W. How many workers does each orchard hire? How much profit does each orchard owner make? (Assume that wades are firm's only costs.) (C) (4%) Calculate what happens to the wage of worker and the profit of orchard owners if the world price of apples duobles to $4. (D) (4%) Now suppose the price of apple is back at $2, but a hurricane destroys half the orchards. Calculate how the hurricane affects the wage of worker and the profit of each remaining orchard owner. 4. (15%)你和一位同学合写一份报告，你们会有相同的报告成绩。你们都希望拿高分， 但也不想太累。以下是一些可能的结果： ●如果你们都很努力(即采取「工作」策略)，则你们都会拿A，这带给你们各40单位的 快乐。 ●如果只有你很努力，或者只有同学很努力，则你们都会拿B，这带给你们各30单位的 快乐。 ●如果你们都不努力(即采取「偷懒」策略)，则你们都会拿D，这带给你们各10单位的 快乐。 ●努力写报告会少掉25单位的快乐。 (A) (4%)完成以下的决策方块： 你的决定 工作 偷懒 ┌────┬────┐ │你： │你： │ 同 工作│ │ │ 学 │同学： │同学： │ 的 ├────┼────┤ 决 │你： │你： │ 定 偷懒│ │ │ │同学： │同学： │ └────┴────┘ (B) (4%)最有可能的结果为和？为什麽？ (C) (3%)如果你和这位同学未来一年要写一连串的报告，则你(B)小题的答案可能会有 和不同？为什麽？ (D) (4%)你的另一位同学比较在意成绩：他拿B可以得到50单位的快乐，拿A则可以拿 到80单位的快乐。如果换成这位同学跟你和写报告(你并没有任何改变)，则你 (A)和(B)小题的答案会如何变动？你比较喜欢和哪一位同学合作？这位同学也会 喜欢跟你合作吗？ --

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