课程名称︰经济学原理与实习上 课程性质︰必修/通识A5* 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济学系 考试日期（年月日）︰102.11.08 考试时限（分钟）：110 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 作答时请将题号标示清楚。 一、选择题(45%): 不需说明, 写出正确答案即可。 1. Under which of the following conditions would the interdiction of illegal drugs result in a decrease in the quantity of drugs sold and in a decrease in total spending on illegal drugs by drug users? (a) The interdiction has the effect of shifting the demand curve for illegal drugs to the right. (b) The interdiction has the effect of shifting the supply curve for illegal drugs to the right. (c) The price elasticity of demand for illegal drugs is 1.3. (d) As a result of the interdiction, the price of illegal drugs increases by 20 percent and the quantity of illegal drugs sold decreases by 16 percent. 2. Alfonso has noticed that increases in unemployment insurance claims are associated with recessions, and therefore he advocates limits on unemployment insurance so as to prevent recessions.Mary has noticed that most drug addicts once attended schools, and therefore she advocates getting rid of schools so as to prevent drug addiction. (a) The reasoning of both Alfonso and Mary suffers from the omitted variable problem. (b) The reasoning of both Alfonso and Mary suffers from the reverse causality problem. (c) Alfonso's reasoning suffers from the reverse causality problem, and Mary's reasoning suffers from the omitted variable problem. (d) Mary's reasoning suffers from the reverse causality problem, and Alfonso's reasoning suffers from the omitted variable problem. 3. What would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of latt ′es if coffee shops began using a machine that reduced the amount of labor necessary to produce steamed milk, which is used to make latt ′es, and scientists discovered that coffee prevents heart attacks? (a) Both the equilibrium price and quantity would increase. (b) Both the equilibrium price and quantity would decrease. (c) The equilibrium price would increase, and the effect on equilibrium quantity would be ambiguous. (d) The equilibrium quantity would increase, and the effect on equilibrium price would be ambiguous. 4. New cars are normal goods. What will happen to the equilibrium price of new cars if the price of gasoline rises, the price of steel falls, public transportation becomes cheaper and more comfortable, auto-workers accept lower wages, and automobile insurance becomes more expensive? (a) Price will rise. (b) Price will fall. (c) Price will stay exactly the same. (d) The price change will be ambiguous. 5. Which of the following is a positive economic statement? (a) A minimum wage is good because it guarantees workers a decent living. (b) A tax on the rich is bad because it discourages innovation and investment. (c) A tax on the poor is not fair because the poor already have it hard enough. (d) A cartel has an incentive to reduce its quantity and increase its price. 6. Suppose the government has imposed a price floor on the market for soybeans. Which of the following events could transformthe price floor fromone that is not binding into one that is binding? (a) Farmers use improved, draught-resistant seeds, which lowers the cost of growing soybeans. (b) The number of farmers selling soybeans decreases. (c) Consumers’ income increases, and soybeans are a normal good. (d) The number of consumers buying soybeans increases. 7. Suppose that Firms A and B each produce high-resolution computermonitors, but Firm A can do so at a lower cost. Cassie and David each want to purchase a high-resolution computer monitor,but David is willing to pay more than Cassie. Which of the following market outcomes is efficient? (a) Firm A produces a monitor that Cassie buys. David does not purchase a monitor. (b) Firm B produces a monitor that Cassie buys. David does not purchase a monitor. (c) Firm A produces a monitor that David buys. (d) Firm B produces a monitor that David buys. 8. Coffee and tea are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply reduces the coffee bean harvest would (a) increase consumer surplus in themarket for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market for tea. (b) increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea. (c) decrease consumer surplus in themarket for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea. (d) decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market for tea. 9. Economists tend to see ticket scalping as (a) a way for a few to profit without producing anything of value. (b) an inequitable interference in the orderly process of ticket distribution. (c) a way of increasing the efficiency of ticket distribution. (d) an unproductive activity which should be made illegal everywhere. 10. At present, the maximum legal price for a human kidney is $0. The price of $0 maximizes (a) consumer surplus but not producer surplus. (b) producer surplus but not consumer surplus. (c) both consumer and producer surplus. (d) neither consumer nor producer surplus. 11. Which of the following events is consistent with an increase in the deadweight loss of the gasoline tax from $30 million to $120 million? (a) The tax on gasoline increases from $0.30 per gallon to $0.45 per gallon. (b) The tax on gasoline increases from $0.30 per gallon to $0.60 per gallon. (c) The tax on gasoline increases from $0.25 per gallon to $0.45 per gallon. (d) The tax on gasoline increases from $0.25 per gallon to $1.00 per gallon. 12. Suppose France imposes a tariff on wine of 3 euros per bottle. If government revenue from the tariff amounts to 30 million euros per year and if the quantity of wine supplied by French wine producers, with the tariff, is 8 million bottles per year, then we can conclude that (a) the quantity of wine demanded by France, with the tariff, is 18 million bottles per year. (b) the quantity of wine demanded by France, without the tariff, would be 24 million bottles per year. (c) the amount of the deadweight loss is 24 million euros per year. (d) the tariff causes French buyers of wine to pay 2 euros more per bottle than they would pay without the tariff. 13. Suppose that the equilibrium price in the market for widgets is $5. If a law reduced the maximum legal price for widgets to $4, (a) any possible increase in consumer surplus would be larger than the loss of producer surplus. (b) any possible increase in consumer surplus would be smaller than the loss of producer surplus. (c) the resulting increase in producer surplus would be larger than any possible loss of consumer surplus. (d) the resulting increase in producer surpluswould be smaller than any possible loss of consumer surplus. 14. The negative effect of minimum wage on employment will be the greatest when (a) labor demand is elastic and labor supply is elastic. (b) labor demand is inelastic and labor supply is inelastic. (c) labor demand is elastic and labor supply is inelastic. (d) labor demand is inelastic and labor supply is elastic. 15. Suppose that Company A’s railroad cars pass through Farmer B’s corn fields. The railroad causes an externality to the farmer because the railroad cars emit sparks that cause $1,500 in damage to the farmer’s crops. There is a special soy-based grease that the railroad could pur-chase that would eliminate the damaging sparks. The grease costs $1,200. Suppose that the rail-road is not liable for any damage ccaused to the crops. Assume that there are no transaction costs. Which of the following characterizes the efficient outcome? (a) The railroad will continue to operate but will pay the farmer $1,500 in damages. (b) The railroad will purchase the grease for $1,200 and pay the farmer nothing because no crop damage will occur. (c) The farmer will incur $1,500 in damages to his crops. (d) The farmer will pay the railroad $1,200 to purchase the grease so that no crop damage will occur. 二、非选择题(55%): 答题时请适当说明你的想法, 答案内容以让阅卷者了解为原则。 1. (10%)请简要回答以下问题。 (a) (5%) 经济学关於效率性(efficiency)的推论过程中, 最重要的基础是对於「剩余」(surplus)的 性质有哪些认定? (许多对於经济学的反对意见, 可能都来自於对这些认定有不同的看法。) (b) (5%) 我国现行汽车燃料费是依照车辆种类和排气量大小采「随车徵收」制, 民间团体如消基 会则大力鼓吹应改采「随油徵收」制,但多年来始终无法达成「随油徵收」的目标。请问 , 「随车徵收」和「随油徵收」这两种收费方法对汽油使用量和二氧化碳排放量的影响 有何不同?为什麽? 2. (10%) 为了振兴电影产业,文化部拟对每张300元的电影票开徵5%(即15元)的电影税来作为电影 基金, 由文化部统筹补助电影业者的电影基金。假设电影的成本均为固定成本, 其供给线 为一水平线。 (a) (2%) 请在供需图上画出电影的供给线, 其价格弹性为何? (b) (2%) 假设电影的需求线为一负斜率的直线,请在供需图上标出课徵电影税前後的均衡价格 与均衡数量, 并讨论均衡的变化。 (c) (2%) 15元的电影税将由厂商或是消费者负担?厂商的税後票房总收入将增加还是减少? (d) (2%) 假设电影基金的运作方式是由电影公司提出拍片计画来申请,由文化部任命专家组成委员会 来决定补助对象和金额。请问这项政策除了影响电影票的价格与数量之外, 还可能会对电 影市场产生什麽影响? (e) (2%) Bootlegger and Basptists 或是rent seeking比较能描述补助政策下电影公司争取补助 的行为? 3. (12%) 假设人们持有财富的方法只有「银行存款」和「购买房屋」两种, 前者的报酬来自於存 款利息, 後者的报酬则主要来自来房价的上涨。 (a) (2%) 购买房屋的机会成本为何? (b) (2%) 「预期未来房屋价格上涨」将如何影响房屋的需求? 请在供需图上说明房屋价格如何变动。 (c) (2%) 市场利率下降将导致房屋需求的增加或减少? 房屋价格如何变动? (d) (2%) 台北市的房屋价格持续上涨, 许多人认为已经到了「不合理」的地步,因此要求政府能够 积极「打房」。作法之一是央行要求各银行减少房屋贷款的额度, 请问为什麽这样的政策 可以「打房」? (e) (2%) 假设都会区房屋的有效供给和交通的便利性有关,通勤时间在一小时之内是城市上班族可以 接受的居住地点, 且捷运开通并没有造成外地居民移入。请问捷运陆续开通将如何影响 房屋市场的供需和房屋的价格? (f) (2%) 假设捷运陆续开通之後, 房屋价格也持续上升, 请问这可能是什麽原因造成的? 4. (13%) 假设美国是电视机的进口国, 而且没有任何贸易限制, 电视机的供给线和需求线均为直 线。美国消费者每年购买100万台电视机, 其中40万台是美国制, 60万台是进口的。 (a) (4%) 假设由於日本生产电视机的技术进步, 使得电视机的世界价格下跌100美元。请 画图说明此一变动如何影响美国的消费者剩余、生产者剩余与总剩余。 (b) (3%) 价格下跌後,美国消费者购买120万台电视机,其中20万台是美国制, 100万台是进口的。 请计算价格下跌所造成的消费者剩余、生产者剩余和总剩余的变化。 (c) (3%) 如果美国政府决定对进口电视机课徵100美元的关税, 则此一政策会造成哪些影响? 计算此 时的政府关税收入与deadweight loss。就美国整体福利而言, 这是一项好的政策吗? 谁会 支持这项政策? (d) (3%) 假设上述价格的下跌并不是来自於生产技术进步,而是来自於日本政府对每台电视机的生产 补贴100美元。这会如何影响你在(b)(c)小题的分析? 5. (10%) 大发工业区有三家工厂, 各厂商目前的二氧化碳排放量和降低二氧化碳排放所需的成本 如下: 目前 降低1单位排 厂商 排放量 放量所需成本 A厂商 100单位 $30 B厂商 200单位 $40 C厂商 150单位 $50 为了减缓地球温室效应, 政府想要将大发工业区的二氧化碳总排放量降为210单位。 (a) (2%) 如果政府要求每家厂商均将排放量减至70单位, 三家厂商降低排放量所需的总成本为多少? (b) (3%) 如果政府改发给每家厂商70单位之可交易的碳排放许可(carbon emission permits)。完 成碳排放许可交易之後, 各厂商将分别排放多少二氧化碳? (c) (3%) 承(b), 此时厂商间碳排放许可的交易情形为何? (d) (2%) 承(b), 此时三家厂商共花多少成本来降低二氧化碳排放? 和(a) 小题相较, 总成本将增 加或减少多少? -- ※ 文章网址: http://webptt.com/cn.aspx?n=bbs/NTU-Exam/M.1415548429.A.8CD.html ※ 编辑: d3osef (61.230.131.248), 11/10/2014 00:41:53