课程名称︰触媒化学 课程性质︰选修 课程教师︰简淑华 开课学院：理学院 开课系所︰化学系 考试日期（年月日）︰103.06.12 考试时限（分钟）：120分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 1. As we have learned, catalyst science is no longer a black art. It is able to provide formulations with improved yields, higher efficiencies, lower costs, and greater selectivity. Answer the following questions: (1) Give a definition of a "catalyst". (2) Will a catalyst change the chemical equilibrium of a given reaction system? (3) Can a catalyst change a thermodynamically non-spontaneous reaction into a spontaneous reaction? (4) What are the general steps in a heterogeneous catalytic reaction? (5) How caan you judge if a catalytic reaction is in diffusion limitation? 2. Concerning the Langmuir model of adsorption isotherm, (1) Give the basic assumption and comments on this model. (2) Derive the Langmuir equation for adsorption of monatomic gas molecules on a solid surface. (3) Write the Langmuir equations for associative and dissociative adsorption (4) For the catalytic reaction, A+B→X, assuming no inhibition of the reaction rate by the products and Langmuir kinetics to be applicable, how to distinguish experimentally the following mechanisms? (a) Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, with A and B adsorbed on different sites, (b) Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, with A and B competed on the same sites, (c) Rideal-Eley mechanisms. 3. ESCA (XPS) is commonly used in surface elemental analysis. (1) Write the full name for ESCA and XPS? (2) Give the theoretical basis of the techniques, (3) Why the electons of p, d, and f orbitals show doublet peaks? What are the intensity ratios of the doublet peaks? (4) For XPS spectrum of Na2S2O3, which S will give higher binding energy of the 2p electron, the center S or the ligand S? (5) Cu2+ and Cu0 are easily identified by their XPS spectra, specified the key feature. (6) State the possible applications of ESCA to the catalytic research? (7) AES and UPS are also powerful electron spectroscopic techniques. Briefly describe the features of these two techniques. 4. Give the possible applications of the following techniques to catalytic research. (1) powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) (2) Infrared spectroscopy (IR) (3) Temperature programmed technique: reduction (TPR) and desorption (TPD) 5. Briefly answer the following questions: (1) For a catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid, which is better catalyst? alumina or copper? Give your reason. (2) Why the adsorption is almost invariably exothermic? (3) In the Boundary-Layer Theory, how do the depletive chemisorption and cumulative adsorption affect the catalytic reactions? (4) What is the Raney-Nickel catalyst? (5) What is isoelectric point? Explain why SiO2 tends to perform cation adsorption, while Al2O3 is able to carry out either cation or anion adsorption. (6) What is the BET surface area? Briefly describe the general experimental procedure for the BET surface area measurement. (7) How to determine the acidity of a catalyst? How to identify the Bronsted acid and Lewis acid? Also compare the acidties of H-ZSM-5 and Na-ZSM-5. (8) For a supported catalyst, Pt/Al2O3, give three different methods to determine the particle size of Pt. (9) What are the features of zeolite as a catalyst? (10) Name a catalyst that is active for epoxidation of ethylene. 6. Briefly explain or distinguish the following term: (1) catalyst activity, % conversion, % selectivity, % yield and TOF(turnover frquency). (2) demanding reaction and facile reaction (3) atoms in p(2x2) and c(2x2) structures (4) Huttig temperature and Tammam temeperature (5) n-type and p-type semiconductors (6) core electron, valence electron and Auger electron (7) Bragg equation and Scherrer equation (8) Interstitial point defect and substitutional point defect (9) Steam-reforming and water-gas shift reaction (10) energy dispersive (EDS) and wavelength dispersive (WDS) X-ray spectra 7. For each of the following quantities give the values or the order of the magnitude by citing the common units: (1) particles with 60/80 mesh (2) the pore sizes of y-zeolite and MCM-41 (3) the cross-sectional area of a N2 molecule (4) temperature of a liquid nitrogen bath (5) IR region (in cm-1) of linearly and bridged adsorbed CO on noble metal surface. (6) the wavelength of Cu Kα line used in XRD and the energy of Al Kα line used XPS. (7) 1 Langmuir (L) =? (amount of adsorbate) 8. 在同学的报告中，写下一个你印象最深刻的报告，说明其大要，并评论之。 --

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