课程名称︰经济学原理与实习下 课程性质︰必修 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济学系 考试日期（年月日）︰102.04.19 考试时限（分钟）：110 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 经济学原理与实习下 期中考 请记得写上学号、系级、姓名, 作答时请标清楚题号。 一、选择题(45%): 不需说明, 写出正确答案即可。 1. Indifference curves normally have negative slopes because (a) as consumers get more of one good, they must give up some of another good in order to hold utility constant. (b) as consumers get more of one good, they must have more of another good in order to hold utility constant. (c) the marginal rate of substitution is not constant. (d) the marginal rate of substitution is positive. 2. Suppose that there are 175 voters in an election and that 80 of them prefer a $100 budget while the remainder prefer a $150 budget. Which of the following statements is true? (a) The Condorcet Paradox predicts that the $100 budget will win even though fewer people prefer that budget. (b) The median voter theorem predicts that the winning budget will be $125, the median of the preferences of the two types of voters. (c) Arrow’s impossibility theorem says that the winning budget cannot be determined in this election since there is no unanimity. (d) None of the above. 3. A sheep rancher sells some wool to a wool processing company for $10. The processed wool is sold to a wool suit manufacturer for $50. The wool suit is sold to a department store for $200. The department store sells the wool suit to a consumer for $250. How much will these transactions contribute to GDP? (a) $10 (b) $500 (c) $250 (d) $510 4. If a good is produced in 2007 but not sold until 2008, than it is count as (a) consumption expenditure in 2007 but not investment expenditure in 2007. (b) investment expenditure in 2007 but not consumption expenditure in 2008. (c) consumption expenditure in 2008 and investment expenditure in 2008. (d) investment expenditure in 2007 and consumption expenditure in 2008. 5. Over time people have come to rely more on market-produced goods and less on goods that they produce for themselves. By itself this change would (a) make GDP fall over time. (b) not make any change over time. (c) make GDP rise over time. (d) change GDP, but in an uncertain direction. 6. The market basket used to calculate the CPI in Aquilonia is 4 loaves of bread, 6 gallons of milk, 2 shirts, and 2 pairs of pants. In 2005, bread cost $1.00 per loaf, milk cost $1.50 per gallon, shirts cost $6.00 each, and pants cost $10.00 per pair. In 2006, bread cost $1.50 per loaf, milk cost $2.00 per gallon, shirts cost $7.00 each, and pants cost $12.00 per pair. Using 2005 as the base year, what was Aquilonia’s CPI in 2006? (a) 80.4 (b) 119.6 (c) 120 (d) 124.4 7. If quality of goods improve while the overall price level remains the same, then (a) the price index and the cost of living both increases. (b) the price index and the cost of living both decreases. (c) the price index does not change but the cost of living increases. (d) the price index does not change but the cost of living decreases. 8. Your grandparents tell you that in 1960 they paid $0.35 for admission to a movie. The price index in 1960 was 30. The price index in today is 171. What is the price your grandparents paid in today’s dollars? (a) $1.05 (b) $1.99 (c) $3.05 (d) $5.98 9. Consider a countrywhich has a production function with constant return to scale. Now suppose that over time the country doubles its workers, its capital, its natural resources, and its human capital, but its technology is unchanged. Which of the following would double? (a) Both output and productivity. (b) Output, but not productivity. (c) Productivity, but not output. (d) Neither productivity nor output. 10. An increase in the saving rate would, other things the same, (a) increase growth rate more for a poor country than for a rich country, and raise growth rate permanently. (b) increase growth rate more for a poor country than for a rich country, but raise growth rate temporarily. (c) increase growth rate more for a rich country than for a poor country, and raise growth rate permanently. (d) increase growth rate more for a rich country than for a poor country, but raise growth rate temporarily. 11. Which of the following both make the interest rate on a bond higher than otherwise? (a) the interest it pays is taxed and it was issued by a financially strong corporation (b) the interest it pays is taxed and it was issued by a financially weak corporation (c) the interest it pays is tax exempt and it was issued by a financially strong corporation (d) the interest it pays is tax exempt and it was issued by a financially weak corporation 12. The price of a bond is equal to the sum of the present values of its future payments. Suppose a certain bond pays $1,210 one year from today and $1,210 two years from today. What is the price of the bond if the interest rate is 10 percent? (a) $2,000 (b) $2,100 (c) $2,200 (d) $2,420 13. Suppose that the adult population is 4 million, the number of unemployed is 0.25 million, and the labor-force participation rate is 75%. What is the unemployment rate? (a) 6.25% (b) 8.3% (c) 9.1% (d) 18.75% 14. Some persons are counted as out of the labor force because they have made no serious or recent effort to look for work. However, some of these individuals may want to work even though they are too discouraged to make a serious effort to look for work. If these individuals were counted as unemployed instead of out of the labor force, then (a) both the unemployment rate and labor-force participation rate would be higher. (b) the unemployment rate would be higher and labor-force participation rate would be lower. (c) the unemployment rate would be lower and labor-force participation rate would be higher. (d) both the unemployment rate and labor-force participation rate would be lower. 15. More generous unemployment insurance would (a) raise structural unemployment. (b) lower structural unemployment. (c) raise frictional unemployment. (d) lower frictional unemployment. 二、非选择题(55%):答题时请适当说明你的想法,答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。 1.(10%) 春花的人生分为两期,幼年和成年;她幼年时无所得,成年时所得Y。假设两期之间的利率为r ,春花可以用这个利率任意借贷,但她死亡时不能留有任何负债。 (a) (3%) 假设春花幼年时消费C1,成年时消费C2。请写出春花的跨期预算限制式。 (b) (3%) 春花对两期消费的偏好符合一般典型无异曲线的特性。请以幼年消费为横轴,成年消费为 纵轴, 用无异曲线和预算限制线画出春花的最适选择。请在图上明确标出春花幼年时的借 款金额,以及成年时的还款金额。 (c) (4%) 对春花来说,幼年消费和成年消费都是正常财(normal goods)。请用替代效果和所得效果 分析利率上升对春花幼年消费的影响。 2. (10%) 老陶对财富的期望效用函数为U(W) = 2(W^0.5);其中W代表老陶的财富。 (a) (3%) 请问老陶是风险趋避者(risk averser)吗? 为什麽? (b) (3%) 老陶在彩券行看到一张价格为$100的刮刮乐彩券,若刮中可得奖金$13,500, 中奖机率为0.01;如果没刮中,当然就没有奖金。请计算购买这张彩券的期望报酬率。 (c) (4%) 承上题,假设老陶现有财富为$1,000。请问他会不会购买这张彩券？ (1000^0.5~=31.62) 3. (10%)请简要回答下列问题。 (a) (5%) 利息所得是指公债、公司债、金融债券、各种短期票券、金融机构存款和其他借贷款项所 取得的利息。台湾现行的所得税法规定,利息所得特别扣除额上限为27 万元; 也就是说, 利息所得低於27万元者不课税,利息所得高於27万元者仅超过27万元的部分会被课税。 2013.2.21苹果日报报导:财政部打算调降利息所得特别扣除额上限。为了简化分析,假设 总产出和净税收不受此政策影响。请根据可贷资金市场供需,说明调降利息所得特别扣除 额上限後,实质利率和投资支出会如何变动。 (b) (5%) 桃花源为一封闭经济体,本年度其总产出(Y)为10000,政府支出(G)为2500,预算赤字为500 。某经济学家估计桃花源的投资(I)和消费(C)函数如下: C = 0.7(Y-T),I = 2800-100r, 其中T为净税收,桃花源的实质利率为r%。 请计算均衡时桃花源的消费支出、投资支出、国民储蓄、净税收, 以及实质利率。 4. (10%) 内政部的人口统计中,仿照育龄妇女总生育率的计算方式,也计算了有偶妇女的总生育率, 表1为台湾2007年有偶妇女的年龄别生育率,单位为千分之一。 Table 1: 2007年有偶妇女年龄别生育率 年龄组 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 生育率 1000 496 243 123 34 4 0 (a) (5%) 根据内政部的统计,07年有偶妇女总生育率为千分之9500。请问这个数字是怎麽算出来的? (b) (5%) 承上题,很明显的,有偶妇女总生育率这个数字严重高估了台湾平均每个有偶妇女一生的 生育数。请解释其中的原因。 5. (15%)请简要回答下列问题。 (a) (5%) 健康保险全险会理赔保户所有的医疗支出,部分险的保户则必须自付一定比例的医疗费用。 相对的,全险的保费比部分险高。袁氏保险公司发现:保健康保险全险的保户医疗支出比保 部分险的保户高得多。请问此一现象是反向选择(adverse selection)还是道德危险(moral hazard) 造成的? (b) (5%) 请举出一种同时具备「一致同意原则(unanimity)」、「递移性(transitivity)」和 「独立於无关选项(independence of irrelevant alternatives)」的政治决策过程。 (c) (5%) 假设桃花源的生产函数为Y=(L^0.5 + K^0.5)^2,其中Y为总产出,L为劳动力,K为资本存量。 请问此生产函数是否为固定规模报酬(constant returns to scale)? 桃花源的劳动生 产力(output per worker)和其资本劳动比(capital per worker)的关系为何? --

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