课程名称：经济学原理与实习下 期末考 课程性质：必修兼通识A5 课程教师：骆明庆 开课学院：社科院 开课系所：经济系 考试日期(年月日)：2010.06.20. 考试时限(分钟)：110分钟 是否需发放奖励金：yes (如未明确表示，则不予发放) 试题 : 一.选择题(45%)：不需说明,写出正确答案即可。 1. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the verti -cal axis, an increase in the money supply creates an excess (a)supply of money, causing people to spend more. (b)supply of monet, causing people to spend less. (c)demand for money, causing people to spend more. (d)demand for money, causing people to spend less. 2. Last year, Tealandia produced 50,000 bags of green tea, and tea was the only good Tealandia produced. Each bag sold at 4 units each of Tealandia's currency - the Leaf. Tealandia's money supply was 40,000. What was the velocity of money in Tealandia? (a)20 (b)5 (c)1/20 (d)1/5 3. A citizen of Saudi Arabia uses previously obtained U.S. dollars to purchase apples from the United States. This transaction (a)increases Saudi net capital outflow, and increases U.S. net exports. (b)increases Saudi net capital outflow, and decreases U.S. net exports. (c)decreases Saudi net capital outflow, and increases U.S. net exports. (d)decreases Saudi net capital outflow, and decreases U.S. net exports. 4. Other things the same, if the money supply rises by 2% and people were expecting it to rise by 5%, then some firms have (a)higher than desired prices which increases their sales. (b)higher than desired prices which depresses their sales. (c)lower than desired prices which increases their sales. (d)lower than desired prices which depresses their sales. 5. According to the doctrine of purchasing-power parity, which of the following should depreciate if over thhe next year the inflation ra -te is higher in the U.S. than in the Euro area? (a)both the U.S. real exchange rate and the U.S. nominal excha -nge rate (b)the U.S. real exchange rate, but not the U.S. nominal excha -nge rate (c)the U.S. nominal exchange rate, but not the U.S. real excha -nge rate (d)neither the U.S. nominal exchange rate nor the U.S. real ex change rate 6. An increase in the budget deficitt makes domestic interest rates (a)rise because the supply of loanable funds shifts left. (b)fall because the supply of loanable funds shifts left. (c)rise because the demand for loanable funds shifts right. (d)fall because the demand for loanable funds shifts right. 7. The sticky-wage theory of the short- run aggregate supply curve say -s that when the price level rises more than expected, (a)production is more profitable and employment rises. (b)production is more profitable and employment falls. (c)production is less profitable and employment rises. (d)production is less profitable and employment falls. 8. According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes the (a)interest rate and investment to rise. (b)interest rate and investment to fall. (c)interest rate to rise and investment to fall. (d)interest rate to fall and investment to rise. 9. Suppose that the money supply increases. In the short run this decr -eases unemployment according to (a)both the short-run Phillips curve and the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model. (b)neither the short-run Phillips curve nor the aggregate dema -nd and aggregate supply model. (c)the short-run Phillips curve, but not the aggregate demand and supply model. (d)the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model, but not the short-run Phillips curve. 10. Which of the following would shift the long-run Phillips curve right ? (a)expansionary fiscal policy (b)an increase in the inflation rate (c)increases in unemployment compensation (d)None of the above is correct. 11. Which of the following would tend to shorten recessioons associate -d with anti-inflation policies by central banks? (a)People adjust their expectations of inflation rapidly. (b)Pelple believe policy announceents made by Fed officials. (c)The short-run Phillips shifts rapidly. (d)All of the above are correct. 12. As the price level rises (a)people will want to buy more bonds, so the interest rate rises. (b)people will want to buy fewer bonds, so the interest rate falls. (c)people will want to buy more bonds, so the interest rate falls. (d)people will want to buy fewer bonds, so the interest rate rises. 13. Suppose that the central bank must follow a rule that requires it to increase tthe money supply when the price level falls and decrease the money supply when the price level rises. If the economy starts from long-run equilibrium and aggregate demand shif -ts right, the central bank must (a)decrease the money supply, which will move output back towa -rds its long-run level. (b)decrease the money supply, which will move output farther from its long-run level. (c)increase the money supply, which will move output back towa -rds its long-run level. (d)increase the money supply, which will move output farther from its long-run level. 14. Consider the following rule for monetary policy： y-y* r = 2% + π + 0.5 . ── + 0.5 . (π - π*), y* where r is the nominal interest rate, y is real GDP,y* is an estimate of the natural rate of output, π is the inflation rate, and π* is the inflation target. Which of the following statements is not correct? (a)If aggregate demand shifts right from long-run equilibrium , this rule unambiguously implies that the Fed increases th -e nominal interest rate. (b)If aggregate supply shifts right from long-run equilibrium at the inflation target, we cannot tell without more inform -ation whether the Fed should increase or decrease the nomi -nal interest rate. (c)If output is at its natural level, but inflation is above its target, the Fed must increase the nominal interest rate. (d)If inflatioin is at its targeted level, but output is above its natural rate, the Fed must decrease the federal funds rate. 15. In the long run, fiscal policy primarily affects (a)aggregate demand. In the short run, it affects primarily aggregate supply. (b)aggregate supply. In the short run, it affects primarily saving, investment, and growth. (c)saving, investment, and growth. In the short run, it affects primarily aggregate demand. (d)saving, investmnet, and growth. In the short run, if affects primarily aggregate supply. 二.非选择题(55%)： 答题时请适当说明你的想法, 计算题请说明推理过程, 答案已让批改者了解为原则。 1.(15%)请回答下列问题。 (a)(5%)某位美国经济学家：「美国去除其进口贸易限制带来一项好处：外销 相关产业会觉得比较容易在国外卖出他们的商品。就算其他国家不 跟进美国降低贸易障碍的作法, 好处依旧在。」 请说明为什麽美国的外销产业会因为美国去除进口贸易限制而受益。 (b)(5%)由於欧美景气转坏, 许多境外基金为求避险, 外国经理人纷纷 经资金转向投之亚洲国家。其中也有一部份资金流入台湾。请问 外国基金购买大量台湾资产会使得新台币升值或贬值? 若央行 的目标为稳定新台币汇率, 则应该如何在外汇市场操作? (c)(5%)某经济体目前的失业率高於自然率, 政府欲使用宽松的货币政策 来降低失业率。然而连续施行两轮後皆不见成效。根据菲利浦 曲线理论, 你认为这是为什麽? 2.(10%)桃花源本年度总产出(Y)为10,000, 政府支出(G)为1,500, 净税收(T) 为1,700。桃花源的消费(C), 投资(I), 出口(X), 进口(M), 净资本流出(NCO) 如下：C = 5,500;I = 2,700 - 50r;X = 500 -50E;M = 20 + 50E; NCO = 600 - 100r;其中桃花源实质利率为r%, 桃花源货币的实质汇率为E。 (a)(2%)实质汇率升值时, 净出口量会如何变动? 请提供一个经济学的解释 (b)(4%)均衡时桃花源的投资金额和净出口金额为多少? (c)(4%)桃花源政府为了刺激出口, 举债增加政府支出150来做国际形象 广告。桃花源的出口因为政策增加为 X = 600 - 50E。假设此一 政策不影响总产出。请问政策後的均衡利率, 实质汇率各为多少 ?桃花源的出口金额是否因为这个政策而增加? 3.(10%)请考虑凯因斯的流动性偏好理论。假设某国经济原先处於长期均衡, 今因 大地震的缘故, 大量生产设备短时间无法运作, 因此总和供给线左移。 (a)(4%)请问短期时, 该国的利率会上升还是下降?因此总和需求线会如 何变动? (b)(3%)若该国本来处於流动性陷阱, 此时货币需求为水平线, 短期利率 无法调整。请问在此条件下,短期均衡时产出以及物价水准如何 变化? (c)(3%)承上。若该国政府的目标在於回复灾後的产出, 请问采取财政 政策或是货币政策会比较有效? w p 1000 4.(15%)桃花源的生产函数为 Y = 2,000√L, 其劳动需求为─ = ─ x ─── p p^e √L ,其中Y为总产出, L为劳动量,W为名目工资,P为实际物价水准,P^e为厂商 w 预期的物价水准。桃花源的劳动供给为 L = ──,桃花源目前物价水准为 p 64。 w (a)(2%)请问长期时劳动市场的均衡实质工资(─)和劳动雇用量为何? p (b)(2%)请写出桃花源的长期总和供给函数。 (c)(3%)短期时厂商只能知道自身商品的价格变动,认为整体物价水准并 没有改变。根据劳动需求,物价上涨时,短期的劳动需求会增加 还是减少?为什麽(请提供一个经济学的解释,而非数学的理论)? (d)(3%)承上,请问桃花源的短期总和供给函数为何? (e)(2%)承上,假设桃花源的总和需求改变成Y = 50,000 - 200P。请问短 期均衡时的产出,物价水准各为多少? (提示：本题中3√P为一正整数。) (f)(3%)承上,过了不久,厂商开始能察觉整体物价水准的变动,请问此时 短期总和供给线会如何移动?桃花源达到新的长期均衡时,产出 ,物价水准将各为多少? -- 将竭尽心力所追求的 握紧在手掌之间 入世的那刻早已注定 於天地间的交会处 --

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