课程名称︰经济学原理与实习二 课程性质︰必修/A5通识 课程教师︰陈明郎 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰98.05.15 考试时限（分钟）：09:10-12:10 (180mins) 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 一.是非题(60%) (请先回答对或错，再说明其原因。) 1.一般而言，卡特尔(cartel)成员间的私下协定是违法的。也就是说，如果卡特尔成员私 下议定较高的商品价格，则政府将以违反公平交易法起诉这些厂商。而工会正是一种卡 特尔组织，因此，不管是(美国)法律或是政府，多不鼓励工会的设立。 2.「失业津贴」在於让劳工处於失业时，有一份收入对抗失业。此举，让劳工在工作时无 後顾之忧，更加努力工作，从而提高劳动的生产力。因此，失业保险津贴的设计，有助 於降低失业率。 3.若法定准备率是10%，当银行接受一笔存款10,000元时，则可以引申出100,000元的放款 。 4.法定准备是中央银行依据法令授权，以法令规定银行要求提存的最低准备金。由於有法 源保障，对金融体系具有立竿见影的效果，所以是中央银行最常见的货币政策工具。 5.通货膨胀对债权人不利，但对债权人是有利的，因为债务人必须负担较高的利率。 6.过去20年，西班牙经历了高通货膨胀，而日本却发生低通货膨胀。根据购买力平价说 (Purchasing-power parity)理论，日圆所能买到的西班牙货币将因此减少。 7.When a nation A is running a trade surplus, it is selling more good and services to foreign countries than what it is buying from them. Under this condition, capital is flowing into country A. 8.Other thing being the same, the purchase of a U.S. government bond by a resident in Singapore increases U.S. net capital outflows and decrease Singapore's net capital outflows. 9.When the central bank of some country prints a larger amount of money, that country's currency loses values in terms of both goods and services it buys and the amount of foreign currencies it can buy. 10.Inflation induces people to spend more resources in maintaining lower money holgings. The cost of doing this called shoeleather costs. 11.According to the Law of Supply and Demand: The price of any good adjust to bring the quantity suppiled and quantity demended for that good into balance. Thus, we can infer that when the labor marker is in equilibrium, the economy's natural rate of umemployment should be equal to zero. 12.Money has three functions in the economy: It is a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a liquidity. 13.When you read that the billionaire Bill Gates has a lot of money, you know what that means: He is so rich that he can buy almost anything he wants. In this sense, the term money is used to mean wealth. So we can infer that: As banks create money, they create wealth. 14.In the months of November and December, people in the United Stated hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop and travel for the holidays. As a result, other things being the same, the money supply increases. 15.According to the classical dichotomy, in the long run nominal variables are heavily influenced by developments in the monetary system, and real variables are not. 二.计算题(45%) 1.考虑一经济体系存在两个金融市场－金融业劳动市场与制造业劳动市场。其中，两个劳 动市场既无工会的存在也无最低工资法施行。请(绘图)分析： (1)政府通过立法规定制造业劳动市场享有最低工资的保障，此举将对金融体系(两部门 的工资、就业)有何影响？ (5%) (2)何谓Insider-Outsider理论？ (2%) (3)题(1)之分析是否符合Insider-Outsider理论？请解释原因。 (3%) 2.NTU银行之资产负债表如下：(15%) 资产负债表(单位:亿元) 资产 负债 准备金 435 活期存款 3350 放款 2685 股东权益 90 公债 370 央行融通 60 固定资产 10 假设中央银行规定活期存款法定准备率为10%。请回答下列问题： (1)该银行的超额准备为何？ (2)假定其他银行只持有法定准备作为准备金(即不持有任何超额准备)，若NTU决定降低 其准备金至法定准备，此举将造成经济体系的货币供给余额增加多少？ (3)承(2)，央行宣布降息(调降活期存款准备率)两码，此举将造成经济体系的货币供给 余额增加多少？ 3.假定台湾的咖啡豆市场均衡价格原先为台币300元，美国的咖啡豆市场均衡价格原先为 10美元，一美元可以兑换35元台币。 (1)请利用供需理论分别描绘一开始台湾与美国之咖啡豆市场均衡[有2个市场]； (5%) (2)请利用套利(arbitrage)的过程描绘国际市场的均衡。 (5%) 4.(Effect of inflation) Consider an economy composed only two people: Alan, a bean farmer, and Bob, a rice farmer. Alan and Bob both always consume equal amount of rice and beans. In 2007, the price of beans was $5 and the price of rice was $10. (10%) (1)Suppose that in 2008 the price of beans was $10 and the price of rice was $20. What was the inflation rate? Was Bob better off by change in price? (2)Now, suppose that in 2008 the price of beans was $10 and the price of rice was $5. What was the inflation rate? Was Bob better off by change in price? --

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