这个不晓得老师有没有提过，提过了的话就当再提醒一次吧。 Many late-Ming gentry were already acting out this possibility in their home localities by donating large sums, sometimes in the hundreds of taels, for the building and restoring of Buddhist monasteries (including bronze bells and statues) and other public institutions, as well as for other charitable projects. At the hands of a Confucian activist like Yuan’s fellow Jiashan native Chen Longzheng (1585-1656), public philanthropy was undergirded by a morality of social recompense that went both ways. Aiding their communities demonstrated that the wealthy deserved their natural-born right to elite status. At the same time it reminded the destitute of their duty to accept the paternal relationship to which the surplus of wealth in elite hands obliged them. Social recompense did not deprive the elite of the right to spend for their own pleasure, however. It may in fact have redeemed it. p284第二段倒数第四行「与此同时」开始那边，一直看很久看不懂。对勘英文本发现是翻 错了，原文是上面标起来黄色那段，他的the destitute翻错，所以整段就错掉了， the destitute 应该要翻作穷人。以下是整段试译： 许多晚明的士绅已经在家乡实践这种可能。经由捐出大笔，有时达数百两的费用来建造或 修复佛寺（包括青铜钟与塑像）和其他公共设施，以及慈善事业。在袁黄的同乡陈正龙（ 1585-1656）这类的行动派儒者手中，公共的慈善事业透过双向社会回报的伦理得到支持 。帮助乡里证明了富人应享成为精英身份的自然权利。它也提醒了穷人应视其如父以作为 他们乐施多余钱财的回报。社会回馈并未剥夺精英去寻求自我满足的权利，实际上也许增 进了这权利。 其他比较无关紧要的东西： p143 第二段 这个不晓得算不算误译。「商业或国家储粮能力的衰落」，原文作 "Neither commerce nor the dwindling capacity of the state to store grain"，窃以为「商业或衰退的国家储粮能力」较佳。 p158 第二段 Evenlyn Rawski 汉名叫罗友枝 p159 第二段「以商业化程度较低的华南为例」误译，原文为 In less comerialized areas in south China，应是「以华南地区商业化较低的区域为例」。 p190 第二段 「许多「农」民不再「有田」，而要将谷物储存在那些贩卖佃农谷物的士绅 地主的粮仓里。」 Many a peasant no longer "had his land" but had to stock the granaries of gentry landloads, who sold thier tenants' crops into the commercial grain trade. 这边偷偷把把谷物贸易拿掉。 p279 那边没有翻错，可我还是看不懂那个句子想表达什麽。 --

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