作者herstein (翔爸)
看板Math
标题Re: [线代] 试证 hermitian矩阵具有此性质
时间Wed May 4 09:52:41 2011
※ 引述《pennyleo (落日黄花)》之铭言:
: 考虑一N阶hermitian矩阵
: 试证
: 此hermitian矩阵 必定存在n个互为正交的eigenvector
: 这个证明应该没有很难
: 但小弟的数学并不是很好
: 想请版上的朋友帮忙
: 我前日问过这个证明的逆证明
: 我想要确定这个性质的充要条件
: 谢谢
Define a function f:C^n->C by f(x)=<Ax,x>.
Since A is Hermitian, f is a real-valued continuous function on C^n.
Since the closed unit sphere in C^n is compact and a continuous function on
a compact set attains its maximal, f attains its maximal. Denote the maximal
by a_1. Suppose f(x_1)=a_1. Then one can show that x_1 is an eigenvector
of A with eigenvalue a_1.
重点在於欧氏空间连续函数定义在有界的闭子集上有极大值极小值,这个构造
的极大值是A的一个特徵值。由於我们考虑的问题是在球面上,所以极大值的
那个点是单位向量,并且是A的特徵值。
Let V_n-1 be the orthogonal complement of {x_1}. Since A is Hermitain,
V_n-1 is A-invariant. Consider f_1:V_n-1->V by f_1(y)=<Ay,y>.
Similarly, one can find the maximum a_2 of f_1 at x_2.
Again, x_2 is the eigenvalue of A with corresponding eigenvalue a_2.
找到了一个特徵向量x_1之後,考虑{x_1}的正交补空间V_n-1,你在那空间上
用同样的方法可以找极大值,跟第二个特徵向量。同理你就可以构造所有的
特徵直跟特徵向量,并且特徵向量是直交的。
Note that x_2 is orthogonal to x_1.
Inductively, we can find a set of numbers {a_1>a_2>...>a_n}
and an orthonormal basis {x_i} so that
Ax_i=a_ix_i.
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※ 编辑: herstein 来自: 128.120.178.219 (05/04 09:54)
※ 编辑: herstein 来自: 169.237.31.247 (05/06 01:08)
1F:→ pennyleo :thx very much 05/09 20:13