何时使用冠词? 图解版 (建议服用): http://acceptediting.tw/resources/?aid=412&pid=184&sa=1 何谓冠词 千万别小看冠词，别认为冠词只是英文中无关紧要的字词。 试着把选取冠词想像为识别名词的过程。在这个过程中， 我们使用两种冠词：不定冠词与定冠词。 不定冠词 a/an = one 当某名词第一次出现，对听者来说是陌生的(不知道说话者指的是何物)，或者众多事物之其 中一个 (不确定哪一个)，我们会使用a/an。 some = not sure how much/many 当不确定how much /how many时，则使用some，後面接复数名词或不可数名词。 ( ___ ) = don’t care how much/many 当数量的多寡并非重点时，则无需加入冠词，此处的概念与使用some相似。 定冠词 the = that 当该名词为独一无二/ 全体/ 特定某物/ 或说话的人已经提到过的，我们会使用定冠词the ，後面可接单数或复数名词。 如何选择正确的冠词 想像你正在煮一锅汤，添加适当的盐可添加风味，但过多的盐则会破坏风味。冠词的使用也 是同样的道理。使用不定冠词是最安全的 (多为正确)，而常见的写作错误则包含过度的使 用“the”。 练习题 如前所述，选择冠词可视作一个过程。只要依循以下的过程，大抵可在多数的情况下选对正 确 的冠词：当你第一次提及或介绍某事物，请使用不定冠词。而在接下来的句子中， 即变 为定冠词。请依序回答以下之练习题。 习题一 使用 a/an, the, some, 填妥下列空格： 问题 1. Bob took out ____ cigarette. 2. He put ____ cigarette in his mouth. 3. He took out ____ matchbook. 4. He lit ____ match. 5. He lit ____ cigarette. 6. He blew out ____ match. 7. He smoked ____ cigarette. 8. He put out ____ cigarette, in ____ ashtray. 所有格代名词 如果物品属於某人，可使用所有格代名词 (my, your, his) 来替代冠词。 习题二 使用 a/an, the, some, 或所有格代名词填妥下列空格： 问题 1. Bob opened ____ notebook. 2. He turned to ____ empty page. 3. He took out ____ fountain pen. 4. He took off ____ cap. 5. He looked at ____ blackboard. 6. He took ____ notes. 7. He closed ____ notebook. 8. He left ____ office. 日常事物 当谈论到我们天天都会遇见的事物时，我们通常会使用定冠词，因为大家都知道所指何物 ，如 the post office, the kitchen, the newspaper ꄊ 问题 1. They pulled off of ____ highway. 2. They drove along ____ coast. 3. They stopped at ____ gas station. 4. They asked ____ attendant for ____ directions. 5. They found ____ hotel. 6. They signed in at ____ front desk. 7. They handed ____ bags to ____ bellboy (侍者). 综合练习 以下题目每题可能会有一个以上的正确答案，而此练习题的目的就是要识别(identify)这些 名词。请记得一开始要使用不定冠词，待 identify 後再使用定冠词或所有格代名词。 每 答对一题可得一分。 习题四 使用 a/an, the, some, ____ 或所有格代名词填妥下列空格： 问题 1. He reached ____ hand into ____ pocket. 2. He took out ____ coins. 3. He picked out ____ dime. 4. He picked up ____ receiver. 5. He inserted ____ dime into ____ slot. 6. He dialed ____ telephone number. 7. He spoke to ____ friend. 综合回顾 相信大家都曾有错误使用 the 的经验。使用不定冠词是最保险的(多数为正确) ，仅须遵守 前述之规则与过程就可以避免用错冠词的状况。只要记住，少了加盐的汤其实不会有太大的 问题，少了 the 的句子同样也是。上述我们所提的冠词规则可应用在 90 %的状况，然後还 是有些特殊状况需要特别提出来讨论。 论文标题与图表标题 试着移除所有论文标题或图表标题 (caption)中的 the “A Pilot Study Examining the Prices and Rates” 应简化为“Pilot Study Examining Prices and Rates”. “Fig. 1. The characteristics of …” 则为“Fig. 1. Characteristics of …”即可 。 Of 任何时候你遇到介系词“of”时，我们可使用“the”，有些人会主张 “a”也适用，如 a man of the world。 然而，我们每周编修的五万字中从未遇过作者使用 a，因此 “the ____ of ____.”绝对是一保险的作法。其他的介系词 (to, in, on) 也可等同视之，如 the extent to which。 地名 如一地名的结尾为名词，多数的时候皆须使用“the”，如 The United States of America、the Pacific Ocean、 The Rocky Mountains 等。 当然此规则也有少数例外之 处，则需靠读者在遇到时特地去记忆了。 缩写与简写 缩写与简写之前该使用 a/an 全靠发音来判别。 如果该字第一个发音为母音(vowel)，我们 会使用 an，如 LED (el-ee-dee) ，所以变成 “an LED”。缩写字通常则被视为与名字等 同，因此你绝对不会使用 “the Bob”, “the SCUBA” 或 “the AIDS”。 习题解答 习题一 1. Bob took out a cigarette....................................... first mention 2. He put the cigarette in his mouth. .......................... already mentioned 3. He took out a matchbook. .................................... first mention 4. He lit a match. ....................................................... first mention 5. He lit the cigarette. ................................................. already mentioned 6. He blew out the match. ........................................... already mentioned 7. He smoked the cigarette. ........................................ already mentioned 8. He put out the cigarette, in an ashtray. ................ already mentioned, first mention 习题二 1. Bob opened a/ his notebook. ............................... first mention/ personal item 2. He turned to an empty page. ................................ first mention 3. He took out a/ his fountain pen. ........................... first mention/ personal item 4. He took off the cap. ................................................ There is obviously only one. 5. He looked at the blackboard. ................................. There is probably only one. 6. He took / some notes. ......................................... (plural) first mention 7. He closed the/ his notebook. .................................. already mentioned/ personal item 8. He left the office. ............................... There is obviously only one. 习题三 1. They pulled off of the highway. ............................. everyday thing 2. They drove along the coast. .................................... everyday thing 3. They stopped at a gas station. .............................. first mention 4. They asked an attendant for /some directions. ... first mention for both 5. They found a/ their hotel. ...................................... first mention/ personal 6. They signed in at the front desk. .......................... only one 7. They handed their bags to a bellboy. .................. personal items/ first mention 8. They went into their room. ..................................... personal 习题四 1. He reached a / his hand into a / his pocket. ....... first mention and personal for both 2. He took out / some coins. .................................... (plural) first mention 3. He picked out a dime. ........................................... first mention 4. He picked up the receiver. ...................................... only one 5. He inserted the dime into a slot. ......................... mentioned/ first mention (more than one slot) 6. He dialed a telephone number. ............................ first mention 艾思特科学编修 http://acceptediting.com.tw/ 03-558 5146 何时使用冠词? 图解版 (建议服用): http://acceptediting.tw/resources/?aid=412&pid=184&sa=1 何谓冠词 千万别小看冠词，别认为冠词只是英文中无关紧要的字词。 试着把选取冠词想像为识别名词的过程。在这个过程中， 我们使用两种冠词：不定冠词与定冠词。 不定冠词 a/an = one 当某名词第一次出现，对听者来说是陌生的(不知道说话者指的是何物)，或者众多事物之其 中一个 (不确定哪一个)，我们会使用a/an。 some = not sure how much/many 当不确定how much /how many时，则使用some，後面接复数名词或不可数名词。 ( ___ ) = don’t care how much/many 当数量的多寡并非重点时，则无需加入冠词，此处的概念与使用some相似。 定冠词 the = that 当该名词为独一无二/ 全体/ 特定某物/ 或说话的人已经提到过的，我们会使用定冠词the ，後面可接单数或复数名词。 如何选择正确的冠词 想像你正在煮一锅汤，添加适当的盐可添加风味，但过多的盐则会破坏风味。冠词的使用也 是同样的道理。使用不定冠词是最安全的 (多为正确)，而常见的写作错误则包含过度的使 用“the”。 练习题 如前所述，选择冠词可视作一个过程。只要依循以下的过程，大抵可在多数的情况下选对正 确 的冠词：当你第一次提及或介绍某事物，请使用不定冠词。而在接下来的句子中， 即变 为定冠词。请依序回答以下之练习题。 习题一 使用 a/an, the, some, 填妥下列空格： 问题 1. Bob took out ____ cigarette. 2. He put ____ cigarette in his mouth. 3. He took out ____ matchbook. 4. He lit ____ match. 5. He lit ____ cigarette. 6. He blew out ____ match. 7. He smoked ____ cigarette. 8. He put out ____ cigarette, in ____ ashtray. 所有格代名词 如果物品属於某人，可使用所有格代名词 (my, your, his) 来替代冠词。 习题二 使用 a/an, the, some, 或所有格代名词填妥下列空格： 问题 1. Bob opened ____ notebook. 2. He turned to ____ empty page. 3. He took out ____ fountain pen. 4. He took off ____ cap. 5. He looked at ____ blackboard. 6. He took ____ notes. 7. He closed ____ notebook. 8. He left ____ office. 日常事物 当谈论到我们天天都会遇见的事物时，我们通常会使用定冠词，因为大家都知道所指何物 ，如 the post office, the kitchen, the newspaper ꄊ 问题 1. They pulled off of ____ highway. 2. They drove along ____ coast. 3. They stopped at ____ gas station. 4. They asked ____ attendant for ____ directions. 5. They found ____ hotel. 6. They signed in at ____ front desk. 7. They handed ____ bags to ____ bellboy (侍者). 综合练习 以下题目每题可能会有一个以上的正确答案，而此练习题的目的就是要识别(identify)这些 名词。请记得一开始要使用不定冠词，待 identify 後再使用定冠词或所有格代名词。 每 答对一题可得一分。 习题四 使用 a/an, the, some, ____ 或所有格代名词填妥下列空格： 问题 1. He reached ____ hand into ____ pocket. 2. He took out ____ coins. 3. He picked out ____ dime. 4. He picked up ____ receiver. 5. He inserted ____ dime into ____ slot. 6. He dialed ____ telephone number. 7. He spoke to ____ friend. 综合回顾 相信大家都曾有错误使用 the 的经验。使用不定冠词是最保险的(多数为正确) ，仅须遵守 前述之规则与过程就可以避免用错冠词的状况。只要记住，少了加盐的汤其实不会有太大的 问题，少了 the 的句子同样也是。上述我们所提的冠词规则可应用在 90 %的状况，然後还 是有些特殊状况需要特别提出来讨论。 论文标题与图表标题 试着移除所有论文标题或图表标题 (caption)中的 the “A Pilot Study Examining the Prices and Rates” 应简化为“Pilot Study Examining Prices and Rates”. “Fig. 1. The characteristics of …” 则为“Fig. 1. Characteristics of …”即可 。 Of 任何时候你遇到介系词“of”时，我们可使用“the”，有些人会主张 “a”也适用，如 a man of the world。 然而，我们每周编修的五万字中从未遇过作者使用 a，因此 “the ____ of ____.”绝对是一保险的作法。其他的介系词 (to, in, on) 也可等同视之，如 the extent to which。 地名 如一地名的结尾为名词，多数的时候皆须使用“the”，如 The United States of America、the Pacific Ocean、 The Rocky Mountains 等。 当然此规则也有少数例外之 处，则需靠读者在遇到时特地去记忆了。 缩写与简写 缩写与简写之前该使用 a/an 全靠发音来判别。 如果该字第一个发音为母音(vowel)，我们 会使用 an，如 LED (el-ee-dee) ，所以变成 “an LED”。缩写字通常则被视为与名字等 同，因此你绝对不会使用 “the Bob”, “the SCUBA” 或 “the AIDS”。 习题解答 习题一 1. Bob took out a cigarette....................................... first mention 2. He put the cigarette in his mouth. .......................... already mentioned 3. He took out a matchbook. .................................... first mention 4. He lit a match. ....................................................... first mention 5. He lit the cigarette. ................................................. already mentioned 6. He blew out the match. ........................................... already mentioned 7. He smoked the cigarette. ........................................ already mentioned 8. He put out the cigarette, in an ashtray. ................ already mentioned, first mention 习题二 1. Bob opened a/ his notebook. ............................... first mention/ personal item 2. He turned to an empty page. ................................ first mention 3. He took out a/ his fountain pen. ........................... first mention/ personal item 4. He took off the cap. ................................................ There is obviously only one. 5. He looked at the blackboard. ................................. There is probably only one. 6. He took / some notes. ......................................... (plural) first mention 7. He closed the/ his notebook. .................................. already mentioned/ personal item 8. He left the office. ............................... There is obviously only one. 习题三 1. They pulled off of the highway. ............................. everyday thing 2. They drove along the coast. .................................... everyday thing 3. They stopped at a gas station. .............................. first mention 4. They asked an attendant for /some directions. ... first mention for both 5. They found a/ their hotel. ...................................... first mention/ personal 6. They signed in at the front desk. .......................... only one 7. They handed their bags to a bellboy. .................. personal items/ first mention 8. They went into their room. ..................................... personal 习题四 1. He reached a / his hand into a / his pocket. ....... first mention and personal for both 2. He took out / some coins. .................................... (plural) first mention 3. He picked out a dime. ........................................... first mention 4. He picked up the receiver. ...................................... only one 5. He inserted the dime into a slot. ......................... mentioned/ first mention (more than one slot) 6. He dialed a telephone number. ............................ first mention 艾思特科学编修 http://acceptediting.com.tw/ 03-558 5146 --

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