今天给他研究／翻译了一下，分享给大家 :） 网页版：http://www.wretch.cc/blog/princearthas/14014709 有兴趣的　中英对照　以下　：） 翻译来源：http://www.jobev.com/title.html 作者：Jo Beverley 标题：18-19世纪英国贵族的称呼 注意：标题特别说明英国，是因为西方贵族的称谓和礼仪非常复杂。西方贵族过去都是各 据一方，没有统一的法律规定这些礼节，结果就是各个贵族如果实力够强，往往爱叫什麽 就叫什麽。只要有人信服，没人反对，不合传统的东西就变成新的传统了。英国算是特例 ．因为英国贵族的历史悠久，没有中断，规定严密，人数相当，英国文化对世界的影响性 ，再加上英文在台湾的独大，造成许多台湾人以为"英国的贵族系统=欧洲贵族系统"．但 是这是完全错误的．英国贵族系统有许多独特的地方，例如英国独有的Earl，Baronet等 The English peerage basically runs according to primogeniture, ie the eldest son gets nearly everything. If a peer has no eldest son, the title and possessions that belong to it go to the next male heir, probably a brother or nephew. 英国的贵族阶级基本上是由长子继承的，也就是长子可以拿到几乎所有的东西。如果那个 贵族没有长子，那他贵族的头衔和财产会传承给下一个男性继承人，通常是兄弟或者外甥 。 There are a very few titles that can pass to a female if there is no direct heir, but they will revert to the male line when the lady bears a son. (Such as the monarchy.) Some titles can automatically pass through a female heir (when there is no male heir) and most can be revived by subsequent generations by petitioning to the Crown. But that's getting into more complicated areas. If your plot depends on something unusual, please do research it thoroughly before going ahead. 只有非常少的情况，当没有继承人的时候，贵族的头衔会移转给女性，而且当这位女性一 怀了儿子之後，贵族的头衔就会被归还。总之，这情况非常的复杂，如果你写的小说的情 节有如此不寻常的事情，请先好好的研究再往下写。 The eldest son is called the heir apparent, since he is clearly the heir. If there is no such son, the next in line is called the heir presumptive since, no matter how unlikely (the duke is actually an ancient Benedictine Monk on his death bed) the possibility of a closer heir being created is still there. Thus an heir presumptive does not hold an heir's title, if any. (See below about heir's titles.) 很明显的，长子又被称为继承人。 如果没有长子，下一个可能就是假定继承人。 If a peer dies leaving a wife but no son, the heir inherits unless the widow says she might be with child. It is for her to do that. If she stays silent, it is assumed that she is not. If she's pregnant, everything waits until the child is born. An heir must be legitimate at birth to inherit a title, though that could mean a marriage ceremony performed while the mother is in labor. A peer may raise bastards with devotion and/or marry the mother later, but a bastard child can never be his legal heir. 要继承贵族的阶级，继承人必须是合法出生的，就算当母亲还是奴隶时就与贵族结婚，生 下的儿子也是合法的继承人。如果生下小孩後才结婚，那那个小孩就会被认为是私生子， 无法继承贵族的阶级。 Peers automatically had seats in the House of Lords. Note, however, that courtesy titles (those held by heirs) do not give seats, or any of the other privileges of the peerage. 贵族自动会在上议院拥有席次。但是，只有头衔的贵族（有名无实）无法拥有席次，也无 法拥有贵族的特权。 * Courtesy titles 次高头衔 Most peers do not use their surnames as their title. Thus, the usual pattern would be something like Sebastian Burgoyne, Earl of Malzard. He is Lord Malzard never Lord Burgoyne. (Or, for that matter, Lord Sebastian.) As an author, you might like variety, but take as a general rule is that no one ever had two forms of address. 大部分的贵族并不把自己的姓氏用在他们的头衔里面。一般的规则是像这样：赛巴斯汀( 名)伯戈音(姓)，莫尔扎(封地) 伯爵。他是莫尔扎大人/ 阁下 （Lord Malzard），或者 顶多被称为赛巴斯汀大人，他绝对不会被称为伯戈音大人。身为一位作者，或许你会喜欢 让角色有不同的称呼来让文章有点变化，但有一个基本的规则要知道 －－ 一个人不会有 两种不同的称呼方式。 国王/ 女王 King/ Queen 称呼：Your Majesty　翻译：国王陛下 王子(亲王) / 公主 Prince/ Princess 称呼：Your Highness　翻译：王子殿下/ 公主殿下 Prince 亲王或王子。通常只表示「君主之子」（或女君主之夫）之意，而非具体的爵位 。 国王长女称Princess Royal，即「大公主」 * 英国的王子称为威尔斯亲王/ 威尔斯王子 贵族阶级 * 注意中文翻译 公爵为 Your Grace 中文翻做大人/ 阁下 公爵之子、侯爵、侯爵之子和伯爵统称 Lord，也翻译做大人/ 阁下 中文在贵族的阶级称呼翻译上并没有区分.......||| A) 公爵 DUKE His wife is the DUCHESS. They will be duke and duchess of something, eg. Duke and Duchess of Ithorne. Address is "your grace", though familiars may address them as Duke and Duchess eg "Fine weather for shooting, eh, Duke?" or may address the duke by title. "Care for more port, Ithorne?" 公爵和公爵夫人会代表某事物，例如：伊风公爵和公爵夫人。（伊风可能是一块领地） 称呼： Your Grace 。翻译：大人/ 阁下（我忽然觉得这中文翻译真不给力orz ） 熟人的话可能会直接称呼他们为公爵或公爵夫人，像是「公爵，天气不错适合打猎，嗯？ 」 或者用他们的头衔代表的事物来称呼「要更关切港口的情势吗? 伊风。」 NOTE that the duke will also have a family name, ie. surname (such as Cavendish) but will not use it in the normal course of events. The duchess does not use the surname at all. If Anne Pitt marries the Duke of Stone (whose family name is Cherry), she will be Duchess of Stone and will informally sign herself Anne Stone, not Anne Cherry. 注意：公爵当然也有自己的姓氏，但在一般的场合并不使用。基本上，公爵完全不使用自 己的姓氏。如果安妮彼得嫁给史东公爵 (史东公爵姓 Cherry)，他将会是史东公爵夫人， 就算是她非正式的签名，她也会称呼她自己为安妮史东，而不是安妮 Cherry. The duke's eldest son is his heir and will have his father's second-best title as his courtesy title. Nearly all peers have a number of titles marking their climb up the ranks. The heir to a duke is often the next lowest ranking peer, a marquess (or marquis -- spelling is optional, but both are pronounced markwess.) The title could, however, be an earldom, or even a viscountcy. 公爵的长子将会继承他的下一个位阶的头衔（公爵之下为侯爵），大部分的贵族都有一些 让他们可以往上爬的头衔。不过，有时这个头衔也会是伯爵或子爵。 Remember, a courtesy title does not give the holder a seat in the House of Lords or other privileges of the peerage. 再次强调，拥有一个贵族头衔不代表可以拥有上议院的席次或者贵族特权。 If the heir has a son before the heir becomes duke, that son will take the next lowest title as a courtesy title. If the heir dies before his father, his eldest son becomes the heir apparent and takes his father's title. 如果这位继承人在成为公爵之前，就有了儿子，那这个儿子就会继承下一阶的头衔，例如 继承人为侯爵，他的儿子就会是伯爵。如果继承人（侯爵）不幸比他的爸爸（公爵）还早 过世，那这他的长子（伯爵）将能继承他父亲的头衔（侯爵）。 Apart from the heir, a duke's sons are given the courtesy title Lord with their Christian name, eg. Lord Richard Somerset. Lord Peter Wimsey. They are never Lord Somerset or Lord Wimsey. 先不提继承人，公爵的儿子都能得到大人（Lord）的头衔再加上他们的姓名，例如 Richard Somerset 大人。注意喔，刚刚用的是全名，他是绝对不会被称为 Somerset ( 姓) 大人的。 All duke's daughters are given the courtesy title Lady, first name, surname eg. Lady Mary Clarendon. (Never Lady Clarendon.) If they marry a commoner, they retain the title. If Lady Mary marries Mr. Sticklethwait, she becomes Lady Mary Sticklethwait. If she marries a peer, she adopts his title. If Lady Mary marries the Earl of Herrick, she becomes Countess of Herrick, ie. Lady Herrick. If she marries the holder of a courtesy title, then she may use his title or her birth title as she wishes. 公爵女儿的头衔为女士（Lady）+ 名 + 姓。例如 Mary Clarendon 女士（再次强调，不 会单独使用家族姓，因此绝对不会是 Clarendon 女士）。如果这位女儿嫁给普通人，她 可以继续保留女士这个头衔，但如果她嫁给贵族，她就会采用那位贵族的头衔。例如 Mary 女士嫁给了 Herrick 伯爵，那她就会变成 Herrick 伯爵夫人或 Herrick 女士。 I'm hammering this home, but it's the most common error in novels. In all cases, the titles Lord or Lady "first name" "surname" (eg Lady Anne Middleton) and Lord or Lady "last name" or "title" (Lady Middleton) are exclusive. No one can be both at the same time. Moreover, Lord or Lady "first name" is a title conferred at birth. It cannot be gained later in life except when the father accedes to a title and thus raises his family. 再一次强调，许多小说最常犯的错误就是一个人用了两种不同的头衔。当一个人用了： Lord/ Lady + 名 + 姓（例如 Anne Middleton女士）那其他称呼的方式就必须被排除掉 （例如 Middleton女士），因为这样就代表了那个人拥有两个不同的头衔。除此之外， Lord/ Lady 的 "名" 是出生时就和头衔一起被确认的，他不能在长大之後才获得，除非 他长大时父亲才得到爵位，提升了他整个家族的地位。 *前面提到了英国国王的长子被称为威尔斯王子 而约克公爵 (Duke of York) 则通常被授给英国的国王的第二个儿子 约克是在英国北部的主要城镇，而且约克郡是英国的最大的郡。 B) 侯爵 MARQUESS (又可被拼成 marquis 或 marquess，但发音都一样 "markwess") He will be Marquess of something, eg Marquess of Rothgar. His wife is the MARCHIONESS. (Pronounced "marshuness".) He is the Marquess of Rothgar, or Lord Rothgar, or Rothgar to his familiars, and his wife is the Marchioness of Rothgar or Lady Rothgar. She will sign herself "firstname" "title" eg. Diana Rothgar. 他会是侯爵 of 某事物，例如 Rothgar 侯爵，或者 Rothgar 大人(Lord)，如果是和他比 较熟的人，可能会直接称他为侯爵。 称呼：My Lord 或 Your Lordship --> 侯爵和侯爵以下的贵族都这样称呼了 His heir apparent takes his next highest title as a courtesy title. All other sons have the title Lord "firstname" "surname". All daughters have the title Lady "firstname" "surname". Details are as for duke. 其他细节都和公爵雷同。 剩下贵族阶级们 C) Earl and countess 伯爵和女伯爵 D) Vicount and viscountess 子爵和女子爵 E) Baron and baroness 男爵和女爵 F) Baronet and lady 从男爵 G) Knight 骑士通常和 Baronet 一样，这是最低的爵位, 一般只有尊称 Sir XXX 或 Lady OOO -- 其他参考资料：http://www.wrn.tw/content/forum/197 -- ◢ 我是火箭：http://www.wretch.cc/blog/princearthas ◥ I am Wanda：http://WandaRocket.deviantART.com/ --

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