作者kobashi (稀有气体研究员)
看板EarthScience
标题Re: [讨论] 一个有趣的问题
时间Sun Jun 5 11:09:43 2005
※ 引述《singerpro (保育类男高音)》之铭言:
: ==我的想法==
: 这题目要是问地科系大一的学生,可能大部分会选择(b),至少
: 在我的印象中,地震波遇到有液相存在的圈层时,特别是S波的
: 减弱程度最大,因此从地震波不仅可以证明软流圈的存在,更可
: 以知道软流圈存在的深度。
软流圈的状态,一直以来很容易被人所误解
大家由翻译的名称很容易猜想软流圈是液态,
但是事实上软流圈是「比较具有塑性的固态岩石」
是固态,不是液态
我记得有一次上锺孙霖老师的课,他说他有一次改
研究所入学考卷,很多人都把软流圈当成液态,让他觉得哭笑不得,
以下是
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com 对於asthenosphere
的解释:
The relatively plastic layer of the upper mantle of
the Earth on which the tectonic plates of
the lithosphere move. The asthenosphere is
approximately 200 km [124 miles] thick and,
owing to its depth below the Earth's surface,
warm (~ 1400 C) [2640 F] but not molten.
Here the mantle deforms by plastic flow in
response to applied pressures above 100 MPa [14,500 psi].
This zone is considered coincidental,
at least below oceanic crust, with the
low-velocity zone of the upper mantle.
---
关於原PO的问题,我觉得比较适合的答案是b,
由震波来推算,以下这段话由
http://www.infoplease.com所节录下来
Although its presence was suspected as early as 1926,
the worldwide occurrence of the plastic zone was
confirmed by analyses of earthquake waves
from the Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960.
The seismic waves, the speed of which
decreases with the softness of the medium,
passed relatively slowly though the asthenosphere,
thus it was given the name Low Velocity zone,
or the Seismic Wave Guide .
「观察火山喷发活动」只能由地表观察,而火山活动的成因非常复杂
有plume形式,岛弧形式等等,要如何以「观察火山喷发活动」
来推算全球地底下有一层性质不一样的东西存在?
而震波就提供了软流圈存在的证据。
---
不过如果国中课本真的说出了「在地函上部,一部份的岩石熔融,称为软流圈」
这样似是而非的句子,那这题考生会选A也不令人意外了
如此一来我觉得大家应该回头检讨检讨课本内文的正确性
--
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1F:推 jacka1:软流圈的感觉跟玻璃狠像喔! 218.174.182.41 06/09