cfront 是干麻的? c++ 程式员应该不陌生, 他是把 c++ 程式转成 c, 再用 c 编译器编 译出最後执行档的转译程式。知道的 c++ 开发者应该很多, 但看过、甚至执行过 cfront 的人应该就很少了。 我一直都在找 cfront 的 source code, 希望可以编译/执行起来看看, 这样可以很清楚 的知道, virtual function, 继承的 class, template 到底是怎麽转成 c code 的, cfront 不支援 exception, 因为这功能复杂到超过 cfront 的能力了。 Cfront ( https://goo.gl/QBG1wn ) Cfront 4.0 was abandoned in 1993 after a failed attempt to add exception support.[1] The C++ language had grown beyond its capabilities Comeau C/C++ ( https://goo.gl/Ke3VUk ) 也可以做到类似的事情, 不过要钱, 没免费 版可以试用。 这个https://goo.gl/q88bBk ( https://github.com/seyko2/cfront-3 ) 就是 cfront source code 了, 我想在 linux 下编译, 之前尝试过一次, 失败了, 这次有新版再来挑 战一次, 向 bjarne stroustrup 博士致敬, 感谢他发明出 c++ 这麽复杂的语言, 整死开 发 c++ 编译器的开发人员, 当然还有学习 c++ 的程式员。 我修改过的版本在https://goo.gl/1AN3pp ( https://github.com/descent/cfront-3 ), 切到 can_build_in_linux branch 即可, 你得先会用 git 才行, 好吧! git checkout can_build_in_linux 就可以了。 Makefile 1 #Makefile for the CC translator 2 # BSD 4.2 or later should first run bsd.sed in the scratch directory 3 # and set CCFLAGS=-DBSD 4 # also set BSD=1 5 6 CCFLAGS=-Os 7 scratchCC ?= gcc 8 9 BSD= 10 PATH:=$(CURDIR):$(PATH) 11 12 #For first make (bootstrap): 13 # make scratch #on system V, BSD 4.1 or earlier 14 #Otherwise: 15 # make 16 # 17 18 CC = CC 19 20 all: libC.a munch cfront 21 : 22 23 libC.a: always 24 cd lib/mk; $(MAKE) CC=$(CC) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)" BSD=$(BSD) 25 mv lib/mk/libC.a . 26 27 munch: _munch/munch.c 28 cc -o munch _munch/munch.c 29 30 cfront: always 31 cd src; $(MAKE) CXX=$(CC) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)" 32 mv src/cfront cfront 33 34 scratch: always 35 cd scratch; $(MAKE) CC=$(scratchCC) BSD=$(BSD) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)" 36 37 #This target will populate the scratch directories with good-old-c 38 #files. This is used to port to another machine. 39 40 fillscratch: 41 make -C src szal.result y.tab.C yystype.h 42 cp src/_stdio.c scratch/src/ 43 cd scratch/src; $(CC) -I../../src -I../../incl -Fc -..c ../../src/*.C; 44 cd scratch/lib; $(CC) -I../../lib/complex -I../../incl -Fc -..c ../../lib/new/*.C 45 cd scratch/lib; $(CC) -I../../lib/complex -I../../incl -Fc -..c ../../lib/static/*.C 46 cp _munch/*.c scratch/mnch/ 47 48 always: Makefile L20 all: libC.a munch cfront 总共有 3 个部份要编译, libC.a, munch, cfront 我分 3 次手动编译: libC.a cd lib/mk make CC=gcc CCFLAGS="-Os -I../../incl-master/incl-linux32/" 也可以用 cfront 编译, 不过先要编出 cfront 才行, CC3 就会使用 cfront 来编译。後 面会提到怎麽使用 cfront 编译出一个可以执行的档案, 这边的 libC.a 就需要用 cfront 来编译, 否则会有奇怪的 link 错误。 编出 cfront 之後 (需要复制到 cfront-3 目录下), 在 cfront-3 目录下打 make libC.a 即可。 munch 使用 cfront 编译时, 需要用到的一个工具程式。 gcc -o munch _munch/munch.c 这麽简单, 不需要说明, 这是 .c 不用出动 cfront。 cfront 编译 cfront 会用到 yacc, can_build_in_linux branch 除了修改程式码与编译参数, 还有 yacc 需要改为使用 byacc (Berkeley YACC, 修改 Makefile), 使用 apt-get 来安 装 byacc。 apt-get install byacc bison 会有以下错误讯息: bison.err 1 gram.y:2340.31-32: error: $$ for the midrule at $3 of ‘statement’ has no declared type 2 | ID COLON { $$ = $1; stmt_seen=1; } caselab_stmt 3 ^^ 4 gram.y:2344.34-35: error: $$ for the midrule at $3 of ‘statement’ has no declared type 5 | TNAME COLON { $$ = new name($<pn>1->string); stmt_seen=1; } caselab_stmt 6 ^^ 编译指令: cd src make CC=gcc CCFLAGS="-Os -fpermissive -I../incl-master/incl-linux32/" 看到以下错误免着惊, 这是药气等待行, cfront 其实已经编译出来了。 g++ -o cfront Bits.o alloc.o block.o dcl.o dcl2.o dcl3.o dcl4.o del.o discrim.o error.o expand.o expr.o expr2.o expr3.o find.o hash.o lalex.o lex.o main.o norm.o norm2.o print.o print2.o repr.o simpl.o simpl2.o size.o table.o template.o tree_copy.o tree_walk.o typ.o typ2.o y.tab.o _stdio.o Makefile:23: recipe for target 'cfront' failed make: [cfront] Error 1 (ignored) cp cfront .. cfront 编好了。 也可以用 cfront 编译 cfront 自己, 不过先要编出 cfront 才行, CC3 就会使用 cfront 来编译, 不过有些问题, 得手动修改, 我懒的改, 没成功用 cfront 编译 cfront 自己。 终於 build 出来了, 执行一下, 感动阿! run cfront 1 descent@debian64:cfront-3$ ./cfront 2 # 1 "" 3 4 /* <<AT&T C++ Language System <3.0.3> 05/05/94>> */ 5 char __cfront_version_303_xxxxxxxx; 用 cfont 编译 demo/hello/hello.C demo/hello/hello.C 1 #include <stream.h> 2 3 main() 4 { 5 cout << "Hello, World!\n"; 6 } 有点难度, 步骤如下: cp hello.C incl-master/incl-linux32 gcc -I. -E hello.C > hh.c ../../cfront < hh.c > h3.c 有没很感动, 输出一个 c 的 c++ 程式, bjarne 有你的。 h3.c 1 # 1 "" 2 3 /* <<AT&T C++ Language System <3.0.3> 05/05/94>> */ 4 char __cfront_version_303_xxxxxxxx; 5 6 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a" 7 8 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a" 9 10 # 1 "" 11 char *__vec_new (); 12 13 # 1 "" 14 char __vec_delete (); 15 typedef int (*__vptp)(); 16 struct __mptr {short d; short i; __vptp f; }; 17 18 # 1 "" 19 extern struct __mptr* __ptbl_vec___[]; 20 21 # 1 "" 22 23 # 49 "./iostream.h" 24 typedef long streampos ; 25 typedef long streamoff ; 26 enum __Q2_3ios8io_state { goodbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 0, eofbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 1, failbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 2, badbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 4, hardfail__Q2_3ios8io_state = 128} ; 27 enum __Q2_3ios9open_mode { in__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 1, out__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 2, ate__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 4, app__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 8, trunc__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 16, nocreate__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 32, noreplace__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 64} ; 28 enum __Q2_3ios8seek_dir { beg__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 0, cur__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 1, end__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 2} ; 29 enum __Q2_3ios4__E1 { skipws__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 1, left__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 2, right__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 4, internal__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 8, dec__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 16, oct__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 32, hex__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 64, showbase__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 128, showpoint__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 256, uppercase__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 512, showpos__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 1024, scientific__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 2048, fixed__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 4096, unitbuf__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 8192, 30 # 54 "./iostream.h" 31 stdio__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 16384} ; 32 enum __Q2_3ios4__E2 { skipping__Q2_3ios4__E2 = 512, tied__Q2_3ios4__E2 = 1024} ; 33 struct ios { /* sizeof ios == 88 */ 34 35 # 153 "./iostream.h" 36 int nuser__3ios ; 37 38 # 155 "./iostream.h" 39 union ios_user_union *x_user__3ios ; 40 41 # 162 "./iostream.h" 42 struct streambuf *bp__3ios ; 43 44 # 168 "./iostream.h" 45 int state__3ios ; 46 int ispecial__3ios ; 47 int ospecial__3ios ; 48 int isfx_special__3ios ; 49 int osfx_special__3ios ; 50 int delbuf__3ios ; 51 struct ostream *x_tie__3ios ; 52 long x_flags__3ios ; 53 short x_precision__3ios ; 54 char x_fill__3ios ; 55 short x_width__3ios ; 56 57 # 186 "./iostream.h" 58 int assign_private__3ios ; 59 60 # 193 "./iostream.h" 61 struct __mptr *__vptr__3ios ; 62 }; 63 64 # 84 "./iostream.h" 65 extern long basefield__3ios ; 66 67 # 86 "./iostream.h" 68 extern long adjustfield__3ios ; 69 70 # 88 "./iostream.h" 71 extern long floatfield__3ios ; 72 73 # 150 "./iostream.h" 74 extern long nextbit__3ios ; 75 extern long nextword__3ios ; 76 77 # 180 "./iostream.h" 78 extern char (*stdioflush__3ios )(); 79 80 # 195 "./iostream.h" 81 struct streambuf { /* sizeof streambuf == 80 */ 82 short alloc__9streambuf ; 83 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ; 84 char *x_base__9streambuf ; 85 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ; 86 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ; 87 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ; 88 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ; 89 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ; 90 char *x_eback__9streambuf ; 91 int x_blen__9streambuf ; 92 93 # 370 "./iostream.h" 94 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ; 95 }; 96 97 # 1 "" 98 extern char __dl__FPv (); 99 100 # 246 "./iostream.h" 101 102 # 255 "./iostream.h" 103 int doallocate__9streambufFv (); 104 105 # 258 "./iostream.h" 106 int underflow__9streambufFv (); 107 108 # 369 "./iostream.h" 109 int x_snextc__9streambufFv (); 110 111 # 259 "./iostream.h" 112 int pbackfail__9streambufFi (); 113 114 # 257 "./iostream.h" 115 int overflow__9streambufFi (); 116 117 # 24 "./string.h" 118 extern char *memcpy (); 119 120 # 229 "./iostream.h" 121 122 # 265 "./iostream.h" 123 int xsputn__9streambufFPCci (); 124 125 # 234 "./iostream.h" 126 127 # 266 "./iostream.h" 128 int xsgetn__9streambufFPci (); 129 130 # 372 "./iostream.h" 131 struct istream { /* sizeof istream == 112 */ 132 133 # 493 "./iostream.h" 134 int x_gcount__7istream ; 135 136 # 503 "./iostream.h" 137 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ; 138 struct ios *Pios; 139 struct ios Oios; 140 }; 141 142 # 489 "./iostream.h" 143 int do_ipfx__7istreamFi (); 144 145 # 298 "./iostream.h" 146 147 # 302 "./iostream.h" 148 149 # 418 "./iostream.h" 150 struct istream *rs_complicated__7istreamFRUc (); 151 152 # 298 "./iostream.h" 153 154 # 302 "./iostream.h" 155 156 # 419 "./iostream.h" 157 struct istream *rs_complicated__7istreamFRc (); 158 159 # 429 "./iostream.h" 160 struct istream *get__7istreamFPcic (); 161 162 # 298 "./iostream.h" 163 164 # 292 "./iostream.h" 165 166 # 436 "./iostream.h" 167 struct istream *get_complicated__7istreamFRUc (); 168 169 # 298 "./iostream.h" 170 171 # 292 "./iostream.h" 172 173 # 437 "./iostream.h" 174 struct istream *get_complicated__7istreamFRc (); 175 176 # 377 "./iostream.h" 177 178 # 292 "./iostream.h" 179 180 # 163 "./iostream.h" 181 182 # 377 "./iostream.h" 183 184 # 281 "./iostream.h" 185 186 # 480 "./iostream.h" 187 struct istream *read__7istreamFPci (); 188 189 # 260 "./iostream.h" 190 int sync__9streambufFv (); 191 192 # 505 "./iostream.h" 193 struct ostream { /* sizeof ostream == 104 */ 194 195 # 610 "./iostream.h" 196 struct __mptr *__vptr__7ostream ; 197 struct ios *Pios; 198 struct ios Oios; 199 }; 200 201 # 601 "./iostream.h" 202 int do_opfx__7ostreamFv (); 203 char do_osfx__7ostreamFv (); 204 205 # 538 "./iostream.h" 206 struct ostream *complicated_put__7ostreamFc (); 207 208 # 324 "./iostream.h" 209 210 # 163 "./iostream.h" 211 212 # 568 "./iostream.h" 213 struct ostream *ls_complicated__7ostreamFc (); 214 215 # 324 "./iostream.h" 216 217 # 163 "./iostream.h" 218 219 # 569 "./iostream.h" 220 struct ostream *ls_complicated__7ostreamFUc (); 221 222 # 324 "./iostream.h" 223 224 # 163 "./iostream.h" 225 226 # 572 "./iostream.h" 227 struct ostream *__ls__7ostreamFi (); 228 229 # 329 "./iostream.h" 230 231 # 163 "./iostream.h" 232 233 # 589 "./iostream.h" 234 235 # 612 "./iostream.h" 236 struct iostream { /* sizeof iostream == 128 */ 237 238 # 493 "./iostream.h" 239 int x_gcount__7istream ; 240 241 # 503 "./iostream.h" 242 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ; 243 struct ios *Pios; 244 struct ostream Oostream; 245 }; 246 247 # 620 "./iostream.h" 248 struct istream_withassign { /* sizeof istream_withassign == 112 */ 249 250 # 493 "./iostream.h" 251 int x_gcount__7istream ; 252 253 # 503 "./iostream.h" 254 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ; 255 struct ios *Pios; 256 struct ios Oios; 257 }; 258 259 # 644 "./iostream.h" 260 extern struct istream_withassign cin ; 261 262 # 628 "./iostream.h" 263 struct ostream_withassign { /* sizeof ostream_withassign == 104 */ 264 265 # 610 "./iostream.h" 266 struct __mptr *__vptr__7ostream ; 267 struct ios *Pios; 268 struct ios Oios; 269 }; 270 271 # 645 "./iostream.h" 272 extern struct ostream_withassign cout ; 273 extern struct ostream_withassign cerr ; 274 extern struct ostream_withassign clog ; 275 276 # 657 "./iostream.h" 277 struct Iostream_init { /* sizeof Iostream_init == 1 */ 278 279 # 657 "./iostream.h" 280 char __W23__13Iostream_init ; 281 }; 282 283 # 658 "./iostream.h" 284 extern int stdstatus__13Iostream_init ; 285 extern int initcount__13Iostream_init ; 286 287 # 663 "./iostream.h" 288 char __dt__13Iostream_initFv (); 289 290 # 662 "./iostream.h" 291 struct Iostream_init *__ct__13Iostream_initFv (); 292 293 # 664 "./iostream.h" 294 static struct Iostream_init iostream_init ; 295 296 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a" 297 298 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a" 299 300 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a" 301 302 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a" 303 304 # 20 "./generic.h" 305 typedef int (*GPT )(); 306 307 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 308 struct smanip_int { /* sizeof smanip_int == 16 */ 309 310 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 311 struct ios *(*fct__10smanip_int )(); 312 313 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 314 int arg__10smanip_int ; 315 }; 316 317 # 1 "" 318 extern char *__nw__FUl (); 319 320 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 321 struct sapply_int { /* sizeof sapply_int == 8 */ 322 323 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 324 struct ios *(*fct__10sapply_int )(); 325 }; 326 327 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 328 struct imanip_int { /* sizeof imanip_int == 16 */ 329 330 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 331 struct istream *(*fct__10imanip_int )(); 332 333 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 334 int arg__10imanip_int ; 335 }; 336 337 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 338 struct iapply_int { /* sizeof iapply_int == 8 */ 339 340 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 341 struct istream *(*fct__10iapply_int )(); 342 }; 343 344 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 345 struct omanip_int { /* sizeof omanip_int == 16 */ 346 347 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 348 struct ostream *(*fct__10omanip_int )(); 349 350 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 351 int arg__10omanip_int ; 352 }; 353 354 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 355 struct oapply_int { /* sizeof oapply_int == 8 */ 356 357 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 358 struct ostream *(*fct__10oapply_int )(); 359 }; 360 361 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 362 struct iomanip_int { /* sizeof iomanip_int == 16 */ 363 364 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 365 struct iostream *(*fct__11iomanip_int )(); 366 367 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 368 int arg__11iomanip_int ; 369 }; 370 371 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 372 struct ioapply_int { /* sizeof ioapply_int == 8 */ 373 374 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 375 struct iostream *(*fct__11ioapply_int )(); 376 }; 377 378 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 379 380 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 381 struct smanip_long { /* sizeof smanip_long == 16 */ 382 383 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 384 struct ios *(*fct__11smanip_long )(); 385 386 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 387 long arg__11smanip_long ; 388 }; 389 390 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 391 struct sapply_long { /* sizeof sapply_long == 8 */ 392 393 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 394 struct ios *(*fct__11sapply_long )(); 395 }; 396 397 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 398 struct imanip_long { /* sizeof imanip_long == 16 */ 399 400 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 401 struct istream *(*fct__11imanip_long )(); 402 403 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 404 long arg__11imanip_long ; 405 }; 406 407 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 408 struct iapply_long { /* sizeof iapply_long == 8 */ 409 410 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 411 struct istream *(*fct__11iapply_long )(); 412 }; 413 414 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 415 struct omanip_long { /* sizeof omanip_long == 16 */ 416 417 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 418 struct ostream *(*fct__11omanip_long )(); 419 420 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 421 long arg__11omanip_long ; 422 }; 423 424 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 425 struct oapply_long { /* sizeof oapply_long == 8 */ 426 427 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 428 struct ostream *(*fct__11oapply_long )(); 429 }; 430 431 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 432 struct iomanip_long { /* sizeof iomanip_long == 16 */ 433 434 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 435 struct iostream *(*fct__12iomanip_long )(); 436 437 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 438 long arg__12iomanip_long ; 439 }; 440 441 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 442 struct ioapply_long { /* sizeof ioapply_long == 8 */ 443 444 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 445 struct iostream *(*fct__12ioapply_long )(); 446 }; 447 448 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 449 450 # 10 "./stdio.h" 451 typedef char *va_list ; 452 453 # 118 "./stdio.h" 454 extern char *sys_errlist []; 455 extern int sys_nerr ; 456 extern unsigned char *_bufendtab []; 457 458 # 22 "./stdiostream.h" 459 struct stdiobuf { /* sizeof stdiobuf == 96 */ 460 461 # 196 "./iostream.h" 462 short alloc__9streambuf ; 463 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ; 464 char *x_base__9streambuf ; 465 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ; 466 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ; 467 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ; 468 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ; 469 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ; 470 char *x_eback__9streambuf ; 471 int x_blen__9streambuf ; 472 473 # 370 "./iostream.h" 474 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ; 475 476 # 36 "./stdiostream.h" 477 struct _iobuf *fp__8stdiobuf ; 478 int last_op__8stdiobuf ; 479 char buf__8stdiobuf [2]; 480 }; 481 482 # 21 "./fstream.h" 483 struct filebuf { /* sizeof filebuf == 120 */ 484 485 # 196 "./iostream.h" 486 short alloc__9streambuf ; 487 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ; 488 char *x_base__9streambuf ; 489 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ; 490 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ; 491 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ; 492 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ; 493 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ; 494 char *x_eback__9streambuf ; 495 int x_blen__9streambuf ; 496 497 # 370 "./iostream.h" 498 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ; 499 500 # 45 "./fstream.h" 501 int xfd__7filebuf ; 502 int mode__7filebuf ; 503 char opened__7filebuf ; 504 streampos last_seek__7filebuf ; 505 char *in_start__7filebuf ; 506 507 # 51 "./fstream.h" 508 char lahead__7filebuf [2]; 509 }; 510 511 # 23 "./fstream.h" 512 extern int openprot__7filebuf ; 513 514 # 54 "./fstream.h" 515 struct fstreambase { /* sizeof fstreambase == 224 */ 516 517 # 72 "./fstream.h" 518 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ; 519 520 # 75 "./fstream.h" 521 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ; 522 struct ios *Pios; 523 struct ios Oios; 524 }; 525 526 # 87 "./fstream.h" 527 528 # 70 "./fstream.h" 529 530 # 141 "./iostream.h" 531 532 # 70 "./fstream.h" 533 534 # 77 "./fstream.h" 535 struct ifstream { /* sizeof ifstream == 248 */ 536 537 # 72 "./fstream.h" 538 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ; 539 540 # 75 "./fstream.h" 541 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ; 542 struct ios *Pios; 543 struct istream Oistream; 544 }; 545 546 # 102 "./fstream.h" 547 548 # 70 "./fstream.h" 549 550 # 141 "./iostream.h" 551 552 # 70 "./fstream.h" 553 554 # 92 "./fstream.h" 555 struct ofstream { /* sizeof ofstream == 240 */ 556 557 # 72 "./fstream.h" 558 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ; 559 560 # 75 "./fstream.h" 561 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ; 562 struct ios *Pios; 563 struct ostream Oostream; 564 }; 565 566 # 117 "./fstream.h" 567 568 # 70 "./fstream.h" 569 570 # 141 "./iostream.h" 571 572 # 70 "./fstream.h" 573 574 # 53 "./stream.h" 575 576 # 54 "./stream.h" 577 578 # 55 "./stream.h" 579 580 # 56 "./stream.h" 581 582 # 57 "./stream.h" 583 584 # 58 "./stream.h" 585 586 # 59 "./stream.h" 587 588 # 60 "./stream.h" 589 590 # 62 "./stream.h" 591 typedef int state_value ; 592 593 # 571 "./iostream.h" 594 struct ostream *__ls__7ostreamFPCc (); 595 596 # 3 "hello.C" 597 int main (){ _main(); 598 # 4 "hello.C" 599 { 600 # 5 "hello.C" 601 __ls__7ostreamFPCc ( (struct ostream *)(& cout ), (char *)"Hello, World!\n") ; 602 } 603 } 604 # 6 "hello.C" 605 char __sti___main_ () 606 # 664 "./iostream.h" 607 { __ct__13Iostream_initFv ( & iostream_init ) ; 608 609 # 664 "./iostream.h" 610 } 611 612 # 6 "hello.C" 613 char __std___main_ () 614 # 664 "./iostream.h" 615 { __dt__13Iostream_initFv ( & iostream_init , 2) ; 616 617 # 664 "./iostream.h" 618 } 619 620 # 23 "./fstream.h" 621 int openprot__7filebuf ; 622 623 # 56 "./iostream.h" 624 625 # 659 "./iostream.h" 626 int initcount__13Iostream_init ; 627 628 # 658 "./iostream.h" 629 int stdstatus__13Iostream_init ; 630 631 # 180 "./iostream.h" 632 char (*stdioflush__3ios )(); 633 634 # 151 "./iostream.h" 635 long nextword__3ios ; 636 637 # 150 "./iostream.h" 638 long nextbit__3ios ; 639 640 # 88 "./iostream.h" 641 long floatfield__3ios ; 642 643 # 86 "./iostream.h" 644 long adjustfield__3ios ; 645 646 # 84 "./iostream.h" 647 long basefield__3ios ; 648 649 # 6 "hello.C" 650 651 /* the end */ 只有这样还不能满足吧, 希望可以让这个 c 档案透过 gcc 编译出可执行档案, 这就会需 要那个 libC.a 了, cout 在 libC.a 中。 上面那个是我自己乱试的, 後来我参考了 cfront-3/demo/hello/hello.sh, 知道整个使 用 cfront 的编译步骤。 cfront-3/demo/hello/hello.sh 1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 # manual steps to compile a program 4 # http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/tinycc-devel/2014-12/binCQHJXV7ywM.bin 5 # 6 # The CC script now work. 7 # Anyway, here is how to compile a C++ file manually 8 9 10 D=../.. 11 12 if [ ! -x ${D}/cfront ]; then 13 echo "error: cfront compiler not found" 14 exit 15 fi 16 17 cpp -I${D}/incl hello.C > hello.i # run preprocessor 18 ${D}/cfront +a1 +L +fhello.C < hello.i > hello..c # run cfront 19 cc hello..c ${D}/libC.a -o hello.tmp # compile and link plain C 20 21 # For static con/destructors, the nm/munch thingy is needed 22 23 nm hello.tmp | ${D}/munch > hello.cdts..c # run mn against linked binary and filter 24 cc hello..c hello.cdts..c ${D}/libC.a -o hello # compile and link again 25 26 ./hello 我们来看看怎麽编译在平常不过的 hello world c++ 程式。 hello.C 1 #include <stream.h> 2 3 main() 4 { 5 cout << "Hello, World!\n"; 6 } 在 cfront-3 目录中执行: cpp -Iincl-master/incl-linux32/ hello.C > hello.i # 处理 header files ./cfront +a1 +L +fhello.C < hello.i > hello..c # 将 cpp 档 (.C) 转成 .c 档 gcc hello..c ./libC.a -o hello.tmp # 不知道 nm hello.tmp | ./munch > hello.cdts..c # 不知道 gcc hello..c hello.cdts..c ./libC.a -o hello # 输出可执行档 ./hello # 执行 看到印出来的 Hello, World 真是感动。 用 cfront 编译 alloc.C 遇到的问题: CC3 L608 eval 'gcc -Du3b -U__GNUC__ -D__cfront__ -D__cplusplus=1 -D__signed__= -D__null=0 -E' ' -I../incl-master/incl-linux32/ -D__CFRONT_ANSI_OPT' '-Dc_plusplus=1' '-D__cplusplus=1' '' ' -I/media/work/git/cfront-3/incl' 'alloc.C' \>/media/work/git/cfront-3/tmpdir/CC.25638/cpptmp // 本文使用 Blog2BBS 自动将Blog文章转成缩址的BBS纯文字 http://goo.gl/TZ4E17 // blog 原文: https://goo.gl/D4rL7L -- 纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。 --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc), 来自: 101.9.128.213 ※ 文章网址: https://webptt.com/cn.aspx?n=bbs/C_and_CPP/M.1522405389.A.61B.html https://releases.llvm.org/3.1/docs/FAQ.html#translatecxx 感谢提供, 不过我照着页面的指令都做不出来 .c 档。 这个要 3.1 版才能用, 喵的勒! 我的系统最低是 3.6。 我不确定 cfront 支援的 c++ 语法到什麽地步, 可能是很早期的语法才支援。 ※ 编辑: descent (101.9.128.102), 03/31/2018 09:30:55