我是学心灵哲学的，对电脑一窍不通。 想请问discrete和distributed这两个词的差异。 首先是Turing在Computing Machinery and Intelligence(1950)中， 谈到神经系统与数位电脑的不同； "The nervous system is certainly not a discrete state machine. A small error in the information about the size of a nervous impulse impinging on a neuron may make a large difference to the size of the outgoing impulse. It may be argued that, this being so, one cannot expect to be able to mimic the behavior of the nervous system with a discrete state system." Turing也提到人脑是"continuous machine"(对比discrete state machine)。 而John Searle在与Dennett论战的一篇文章中谈数位电脑与类神经网路的区别： "A digital computer, the kind you are likely to buy in a store today, proceed by a series of steps performed very rapidly, millions per second. This is called a serial computer, and because the initial designs were by John von Neumann, it is sometimes called a von Neumann machine. Recently there have been efforts to build machines that operate in parallel, that is , with several computaional channels working at once and interacting with each other. In physical structure these are more like human brains. They are not really much like brains, but certainly they are more like brains than the traditional von Neumann machines. Computations of this type are called variously Parallel Distributed Processing, Neuronal Net Modeling, or simply Connectionism." 合这两篇来看， 数位电脑又是discrete state machine, 又是serial machine， 类神经网又是parallel distributed machine, 又是continuous machine。 想请问：既然serial，为何又可以discrete? 既然continous, 为何又可以distributed? 谢谢。 --

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