作者freeflywould (诚实可靠小郎君)
看板Aviation
标题Re: [心得]Components of aircraft weight
时间Mon Jan 21 23:34:33 2008
※ 引述《HCCLandRover (杀记者 救台湾)》之铭言:
: ※ 引述《freeflywould (诚实可靠小郎君)》之铭言:
: : 最近在努力搞懂的东西
: : 只看的懂一半而已
: : 贴上全文,希望有英文达人出面噜
: : The operating empty weight (OEW) is the basic weight of the aircraft
: : including the crew and all the gear required for flight but not including
: : the payload and fuel. The operating empty weight is not a constant for
: : passenger aircraft but varies with the seating configuration.
: 空机操作重量(OEW)
: =飞机本身重量+机组人员体重,不包括酬载客货的重量与燃油重量
: 客机的OEW值会因座位配置不同而改变
这里还可以细分二项
1.飞机基本重量(Basic weight)=BW
原厂公布数值
2.修正後的基本重量(Dry operating weight)=DOW
航空公司根据实际情形修正後的基本重量
航空公司通常会依据实际需求修改座位配置
例如原厂交机是100个头等舱、100个商务舱、100个经济舱
但航空公司改成350个经济舱
这时OEW就会改变
其实OEW=BW=DOW
说法不同而己
: : The zero-fuel weight (ZFW) is the weight above which all additional weight
: : must be fuel, so that when the aircraft is in flight, the bending moments
: : at the junction of the wing and fuselage do not become excessive.
: 飞机无燃油重量(ZFW)
: =飞机本身重量+机组人员体重+酬载量的上限
: 不可超过,以免飞行当中机翼弯曲程度超过机体结构所能忍受的程度
补充一下
飞机无燃油重量
根据机翼的结构强度而定,除燃油外所允许的最大飞机重量
飞机飞行时所需的燃油主要装在机翼内(结构油箱),随着航程时间,
燃油逐渐减少乃至耗尽,此时作用於机翼的升力不变,
但机翼向上弯曲的扭力却不断增大(油量变少,重量随之变小,但升力不变)
为了保证飞机在无油状态下机翼不致受损,故需规定最大无油重量
: : The payload refers to the total revenue-producing load.
: : This includes the weight of passengers and their baggage,
: : mail, express, and cargo.
: 酬载量
: 飞机收费营业的对象,包括乘客、行李、邮件、货物的重量
: : The maximum structural payload is the maximum load which the aircraft is
: : certified to carry, whether this load be passengers, cargo, or a
: : combination of both.
: 最大酬载量
: 飞机所能酬载全客、全货或客货混合重量的上限
: : Theoretically, the maximum structural payload is the difference between
: : the zero-fuel weight and the operating empty weight. The maximum payload
: : actually carried is usually less than the maximum structural payload
: : because of space limitations. This is especially true for passenger aircraft,
: : in which seats and other tiems consume a lot of space.
: 理论上,最大酬载量 = 飞机无燃油重量-空机操作重量
: 实际承载的客货重量,因空间配置因素,通常低於最大酬载量
: 尤其是客机,因为座位和其他设施占用不少空间
: : The maximum ramp weight is the maximum weight authorized for ground
: : maneuver including taxi and run-up fuel. As the aircraft taxis between
: : the apron and the end of the runway, it burns fuel and consequently loses
: : weight.
: 最大停机坪重量
: 飞机获准在地面行动的最大重量,包括滑行和引擎试车时消耗的燃油重量
: 飞机从机坪滑行到跑道端点时,消耗燃油,重量随之减少
: : The maximum structural takeoff weight is the maximum weight authorized at
: : brake release for takeoff. It excludes taxi and run-up fuel and includes
: : the operating empty weight, trip and reserve fuel, and payload.
: : The difference between the maximum structural takeoff weight and the maximum
: : ramp weight is very nominal, only a few thousand pounds.
: 最大起飞重量
: 飞机获准放开刹车起飞的最大重量
: =空机操作重量+飞行暨备用燃油重量+酬载量
: 不包括滑行和引擎试车时消耗的燃油重量
: 最大停机坪重量和最大起飞重量差距通常很小,只有几千磅
: : The maximum structural landing weight is the structural capability of
: : the aircraft in landing. The main gear is structurally designed to absorb
: : the forces encountered during landing; the larger the forces, the heavier
: : the gear must be.
: 最大降落重量
: 飞机结构所能承受降落时的最大重量
: 主起落架的结构设计为能承受降落的冲力,冲力越大,起落架必须越粗壮
: : Normally the main gears of transport aircraft are structurally designed
: : for a weight less than the maximum structural takeoff weight. This is so
: : because an aircraft loses weight en route by burning fuel. This loss in
: : weight is considerable if the journey is long, being in excess of 80,000lb
: : for large jet transports.
: 一般主起落架设计所能承受的最大降落重量低於最大起飞重量
: 因为飞行途中消耗燃油,就会减轻重量,
: 长途飞行则减轻的重量更可观,例如大型喷射机,可以高达八万磅
: : It is therefore not economical to design the main
: : gear of an aircraft to support the maximum structural takeoff weight during
: : landing, since this situation will rarely occur.
: 最大降落重量很少等於最大起飞重量,
: 因此主起落架无须设计为能承受相当於最大起飞重量的降落冲力
: 否则不符合经济效益
: : If is does occur, as in the case of aircraft malfunction just after takeoff,
: : the pilot must jettison or burn off sufficient fuel prior th returning to
: : the airport so as not to exceed the maximum landing weight.
: 如果有降落重量相当於最大起飞重量这样的情况要发生
: 例如,起飞後不久就故障,必须立刻降落
: 必须先空中泄放燃油,或盘旋飞行消耗燃油,再降落
: 以免降落时实际重量超过最大降落重量
: : For short-range aircraft such as the DC-9, the main gear is designed to
: : support, in a landing operation, a weight nearly equal to the maximum
: : structural takeoff weight. This is so because the distances between stops
: : are short, and therefore a large amount of fuel needed to make the trip
: : and the reserves required by regulations set forth by the government
: : in the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) , part 121.
: 短程的飞机,例如DC-9,主起落架结构设计能承受的降落重量几乎等於最大起飞重量
: 因为起降地点距离近,依美国联邦航空管理规则第121条,
: 必须携带充足的飞行暨备用燃油
: (121.639: 携带燃油,必须足供飞到目的地+最远的备降机场+
: 巡航45分钟或白天目视飞行巡航30分钟)
补充最大酬载
最大酬载一共有三种算法
最大酬载=最大起飞重量-空机操作重量-(最大停机坪重量与最大起飞重量的差额)
最大酬载=最大降落重量-空机操作重量-备油量
最大酬载=最大无油重量-空机操作重量
一切都跟油量有关
只要记得最大起飞重量是从飞机起飞才开始算,试车和滑行段的油耗不在内,所以要扣掉
最大降落重量包括备油,以开车来说,总不可能到目的地油刚好用光吧,一样扣掉
以上三者,求出来最小的数值才是那趟飞行可以使用的最大酬载
(DC-9就是一个例子,如果只单用其中一种算法..结果自行负责..)
感谢H大的翻译
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※ 编辑: freeflywould 来自: 219.91.108.46 (01/21 23:35)