Nutrition and weaning If at all possible, get the puppies to nurse from the bitch in the first 12 hours to allow for ingestion of colostrum. Puppies are only able to absorb the antibodies from the colostrum for the first 24 hours of life. If the dam will continue to allow the puppies to nurse while she is made to lay still, it will decrease some of the work load on the breeder. She may decide in a few days that she is willing to care for them and remove the burden from the breeder. Supplying adequate nutrition is always a concern in hand raising puppies. If the bitch is not able to nurse and care for the puppies, they will need to be bottle or tube fed. Bottles for puppies are readily available and are the preferred method of feeding. Tube feeding is best left to trained individuals, as the tube may be inadvertently passed to the lungs and cause choking when the formula is administered. Tube feeding, although risky, is warranted in puppies failing to nurse properly. Some kennel operators have become experts at tube feeding and prefer this method, as they then know precisely how much formula each puppy has received. For most instances, however, bottle feeding is recommended. Feed a puppy while on its belly, not on its back, as is the case with human babies. Commercially prepared puppy milk formulas are readily available and are nutritionally balanced to meet the needs of orphan puppies. Homemade milk formula recipes are also available. These are not perfectly balanced nutritionally, but will suffice for several days until commercial formulas can be obtained. Esbilac and Puppylac are well known puppy milk replacers. Emergency Puppy Milk Replacer 1 cup whole milk (cow or goat) 1 pinch table grade salt 3 egg yolks - no whites 1 tablespoon corn oil 1/4 teaspoon liquid vitamins Do not substitute cow's milk or goat's milk for a high quality puppy milk replacer. They are not equivalent. Do not feed raw egg whites as a biotin deficiency may occur due to an enzyme in the white part of the egg. The enzyme is destroyed with cooking. Honey may contain bacteria, which may be fatal to the puppies. Whether using a commercial or homemade formula, only make enough formula for 1 day of feeding at a time and keep it in the refrigerator. Wash and dry the bottles and nipples or feeding tube thoroughly between feedings. Warm the puppy milk replacer in a pan of water until 98-100ºF before feeding. The puppies will need to be burped during and after each feeding. Hold them upright or over your shoulder and pat their back. Bottle or tube feeding needs to be done very carefully to prevent aspiration of the supplement with subsequent aspiration pneumonia or drowning. Substitute 2-3 tube feedings a day with bottle feeding to help satisfy the suckling reflex. This should help decrease the puppies tendency to suck on each other and possibly cause sores. The first 48-72 hours, they should be fed every 2 hours. For the remainder of the first week, they should be fed every 3 hours during the day with two 4-hour stretches at night. The second week, the feedings should be every 4 hours during the day with one 6-hour stretch during the night. By the third week, they should be started on puppy mush 3 times a day and the bottle feeding should be continued. Prepare the puppy mush by placing 2 cups of high quality dry puppy food in a blender with 12.5 oz liquid puppy milk replacer and fill the rest of the blender with hot water. This should be blenderized until the consistency of human infant cereal. (This feeds 6-8 puppies of a medium-sized breed.) By the fourth week, the mush should be fed 4-5 times a day and the amount of bottle feeding can be slowly reduced. The middle of the night feeding can be reduced and eliminated also. They can be completely on solid food by 6 weeks of age. Week calories/pound/day 1 60-69 2 70-79 3 80-89 4+ 90-100 Divide the daily caloric requirements into the 6-12 feedings required for their age. Expect an eight-ounce (1/2 pound) puppy to consume about 30 ml (one ounce) of formula over a 24-hour period. Most milk formulas contain about 60 calories per ounce of formula, thus the eight-ounce puppy will consume about 30 calories in a 24-hour period. This is a guideline only and it is better to feed lesser amounts more often than large amounts at one time. If the puppies are not gaining weight, they need more food. If the puppies develop diarrhea, they may be overfed. Weigh each puppy at the same time a minimum of once a day for the first 10 days. Then 3-4 times a week for another 10 days. Failure of weight gain is often the first sign of illness in young animals. Reference: http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=2&cat=1651&articleid=863 其實一般外面在賣的犬奶粉營養成分就足夠了。 如果你想補充額外的營養，可以考慮用上述文章所提到的， Emergency Puppy Milk Replacer (EPMR) 1 cup whole milk (cow or goat) 1 pinch table grade salt 3 egg yolks - no whites 1 tablespoon corn oil 1/4 teaspoon liquid vitamins "另外免疫力太低，有母奶最好"這是醫生說的? 醫生有無和妳說，幼犬只有在出生24小時內，攝食母乳，才有辦法吸收來自母體的抗體。 超過24小時，腸道根本無法在吸收來自母體的抗體。所以幼犬現老早就超過24小時了吧。 你要別人的母奶，基本上就已經有困難了。更何況你也不能確定別人母狗身體健康狀況。 這樣餵食反而達到反效果。所以現在你應該持續補充它的營養，並且做好其他幼犬的照顧 ex:保溫...。 如果你不知道如何幼犬照顧，我再幫你附上資料。 --

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