跟大家分享這篇文章 出處 http://0rz.tw/24318 挑戰舊思維：都是地位之說惹的禍！ 引用或轉貼請註明譯文出處，請尊重著作權。 挑戰舊思維 都是地位之說惹的禍！ （Dominance Rant!!） 原文出處：《動物行為通訊》2007年五月號 Animal Behavior Associates Newsletter May 9th, 2007, Volume V Issue 5 網址：http://www.animalbehaviorassociates.com/newsletters/archive.html 譯者：黃薇菁 譯文出處：動物的事奇摩部落格 　　請讀者有心理準備，這可能是篇大發牢騷的文章。 　　丹恩剛見過一位盡心盡力的好飼主，他的狗兒出現分離焦慮的症狀，在他出門後 十分鐘就開始到處破壞嚎叫，他曾找過一位「動物行為專家」（但這個人事實上並不 是），這人告訴他，他的狗需要「生活規範」，他也必須成為更好的「領袖」。 　　我們的電子郵件信箱剛收到一位讀者來信，她的貓八個月大，而她先生的狗自貓 咪在三個月進門後就一直對牠表現攻擊性，他們諮詢了一位「動物行為專家」（但這 個人事實上並不是），他們說這人「十分強勢」，而且堅信那些「爭地位的說法」， 他們的諮詢經驗顯然並不愉快。 我們每天都在對抗地位迷思。分離焦慮和「爭地位」無關，協助狗兒接受小貓咪也和 「人當狗的老大」無關。 　　我很確定一定會有讀者信誓旦旦，說他們採取「拿回地位的技巧」之後，狗兒行 為便有所改善，如果你對?勵的行為和不?勵的行為採取態度一致的原則，並且要求狗 兒出現喜見行為（例如安靜坐著）才給予牠想要的東西，這一定會導致牠變乖，但是 這和爭回地位無關。 　　「建立地位」的迷思常使用威喝脅迫的手段，它對有些狗也可能達到抑制行為的 作用──至少暫時有效，這不代表它是適當的技巧或最佳解決方法，只表示狗兒想要 出現人類不喜見行為的動機比不上牠對這個人的恐懼。 　　何況威喝手段有其代價，當狗兒企圖保護自己，或覺得牠對人類抓了牠就把牠摔 倒在地的老大摔角法已經沒法再忍受時，人可能會有被咬的風險。至於曾被如此對待 的狗兒，牠們很容易以為任何快速接近牠們的人都可能這麼做，因此為了避免被摔而 開咬，然後這些狗就被貼上「君王地位」的標籤，但事實上牠們只是出現自衛的反應 －－威喝脅迫可能造成攻擊性問題行為。 　　這個迷思還有更糟之處，我們和一個家庭談過，他們的訓練師告訴父母和十二歲 的兒子必須「跨騎」在愛犬身上才得以建立地位，於是他們和訓練師在後院追狗追了 半小時，企圖跨到牠身上，現在當他們叫狗來時牠不願前來，而且不想搭理他們，有 人覺得這個情形出乎意料嗎？ 　　我猜想，人類藉由爭回地位之名而出現的作為比蓄意虐狗的行徑更造成狗兒傷害 ，我們將很快提供教育宣導資料，解釋「爭地位」說法的危險之處，但是目前請記住 ，如果你相信或有人告訴你你有隻地位很高的老大狗－－你的狗可能並不是，而且如 果有人告訴你，你家狗的問題是因為你不是個好領袖－－你要知道你並不是狗群的一 員。 　　別再漫無判斷地接受地位迷思，它對你或你的狗都沒有好處。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 　　似乎在連結網站上找不到當期通訊，所以以下附上原文： Dominance Rant!! Readers prepare thyselves as the article this month may be a rant. Dan just returned from an appointment with a wonderfully dedicated owner whose dog is displaying symptoms of separation anxiety - becoming destructive and howling about 10 minutes after the owner leaves. Previously he had worked with an "animal behaviorist" (who wasn't) who told him the dog needed "structure" and that he needed to be a better "pack leader". We just received a message in our inbox from a reader with an 8 month old kitten that her husband's dog has been aggressive to since they brought the cat into the home at 12 weeks. They consulted an "animal behaviorist" (who wasn't) who they said was "quite aggressive" and into the "dominance stuff". Their meeting apparently was not a pleasant experience. Every day we fight the dominance myths. Separation anxiety has nothing to do with "dominance". Helping a dog accept a small kitten has nothing to do with being "dominant" over the dog. I'm sure there will be readers who swear that after implementing "dominance techniques" their dog's behavior improved. Being consistent about which behaviors will be rewarded and which ones won't, and requiring your dog to display a desirable behavior, such as sitting quietly, before giving him what he wants can certainly result in a dog that is better behaved, but this has nothing to do with dominance. Intimidation techniques that are often part of the "dominance" mythology can also work - temporarily at least - with some dogs to suppress behavior. That doesn't mean intimidation is appropriate or the best way to solve a problem. It just means that the dog is more afraid of the person doing the intimidating than he is motivated to perform the unwanted behavior. And intimidation comes at a cost, which includes the risk of being bitten, when the dog attempts to defend himself or decides he's had enough of someone grabbing him and throwing him to the ground in a so- called "alpha roll". It's quite easy for dogs that have been man-handled in this way to decide that anyone reaching toward them quickly is going to do the same thing so they bite to prevent it. Then they get labeled as "dominant dogs" when in reality they are reacting defensively. Intimidation can CAUSE aggression problems. The myths get worse. We talked to a family who was told by their trainer that they and their 12 year old son had to "hump" their dog in order to establish their dominance over him. So they spent half an hour with the trainer chasing the dog around the backyard trying to mount him. Now the dog won't come when called and doesn't want to have much to do with them. Is anyone surprised? I would guess that more harm has come to dogs in the name of being dominant over them than has happened with purposeful acts of cruelty. We'll soon be creating educational products to explain the dangers of "dominance", but for now remember if you believe or have been told you have a "dominant or alpha dog" - you probably don't. And if you've been told your dog's problems are a result of you not being a good pack leader - you are not a member of a pack. Step away from uncritical acceptance of dominance mythology, as these myths are not in yours, or your dog's best interests. 推薦書：別跟狗爭老大 --

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