I agree with your comment ... the conjuction can be either omitted or reserved. Usually but not always, it is omitted. Basically, I think the grammar mostly is just a general aspect for non-native students to learn specific languages faster and easier,which is so called"teaching grammar". However, it is possible that not all of the rules or potential sentences are included in the grammar books. Sometimes, ambiguity or exceptions are indeed existed. That's why we have this argue at this point of view. Actually, we both have the same concepts about this issue. Anyway, I agree with your judgement that the conjunction is formally omitted but sometimes it is allowed to apear depending on the certian situation. ※ 引述《tucson (tucson)》之銘言： : Sentences & Complex structures by Marcella Frank : ISBN: 986-77+0-92-8 : P. 89 : 其中有提到”分詞片語”也可能同時包含after和because的雙重義務 : Having eaten too much, he became sleepy. : 因此此時可加以保留連接詞以免產生意義上的誤解. 但是使用because連接詞時一般正式用法使應該使用子句方式, 少數非正式用法可能有分詞出現. : ※ 引述《junxool (陽光宅男)》之銘言： : : 您質疑的內容，完全是來自於書上內容，一次不差。 : : 若您對以下作者著作有疑問，請您打電話到出版社（建宏出版社）要求更正。 : : 請參考： : : 活用圖解英文法 分詞構句 : : 作者：陳啟賢 國立彰化師範大學 英語系 : : 陳明亮 國立彰化師範大學 英語系．英研所 : : 總審定：曾守得 美國賓夕尼亞大學教育語言學博士 : : 曾任 彰師大英語系系主任、英語研究所所長 --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 203.70.46.11