Judah Magnes(1887~1948) Born in San Francisco . His career as a leader in Jewish communal affairs reflected his lifelong drive to serve his people. In Israel, Magnes became more intimately involved in the establishment of the He brew University. He served as chancellor and later as president of the young uni versity. Magnes felt that the university was the ideal place for Jewish and Arab cooperation, and worked tirelessly to further this objective. Magnes had a long history of activity on behalf of reconciliation with the Arabs . During the pre-state period, Magnes objected to a particularly Jewish state. I n his view, Palestine would be neither Jewish nor Arab. Instead, he advocated a binational state in which equal rights would be shared by all. This was the view promoted by the group Berit Shalom, which Magnes helped found in 1925. Berit Sh alom was primarily a movement of intellectuals, and lacked a mass following. As a devout pacifist, the principles of compromise and understanding suited Magnes well, and he continued to work towards these goals until his death in 1948. -- 假若智慧始於驚奇〈to be puzzled〉與懷疑的能力是種真理， 那麼真理對現代人的智慧就是一種悲哀的註解。 --

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