Mahdi Mahdi, a messianic personage in Islamic eschatology. The Arabic term al-mahd, meaning "the one guided aright (by God)," does not occur in the Qur'n (Koran), though in the Qur'n there are many instances of other forms from the same root expressing this idea of guidance. A poet contemporaneous with Muammad applied the term to the Prophet. It was also applied to the first four "rightly guided" caliphs. The word continued to be used in a noneschatological sense for at least a century after Muammad's death. The eschatological usage probably developed first among the Shah, Muslims who maintained, contrary to the belief of the Sunn majority, that Al, Muammad's son-in-law, and his descendants were the rightful successors of Muammad. The Shah believed that salvation in this world and the next could come only from following an inspired imam, or charismatic leader. In the 7th and 8th centuries some of the followers of such imams refused to believe that their leader had died and expected that he would one day return to end injustice and oppression and fill the earth with equity and justice. This hoped-for deliverer came to be called the Mahdi, a term particularly associated with Twelver Shiism. Twelvers hold that the 12th imam of the line of Al disappeared in 874 and was hidden from view, though he was still in the world; they believe that he will reappear at an appropriate time as the Mahdi. By that time a conception of the Mahdi had also been accepted by the Sunnis, and it appears in the collections of Hadith (traditions or sayings of Muhammad), though not in the two primary ones. For the Sunnis, however, the Mahdi was a new leader who would appear in due course, not a former leader returning. Further, he would not necessarily belong to the Prophet's family. In 775, on succeeding to the caliphate, the son of al-Manr took the regnal name al-Mahd, perhaps to counter Sh pretensions. In 909 Ubayd Allh, the founder of the Isml Fatimid dynasty, claimed to be the Mahdi and conquered Tunisia. In later centuries many Sunn leaders, aiming at social or political revolution, have claimed to be the Mahdi. These have included Muammad ibn Tmart, founder of the Almohad dynasty in northwest Africa in the 12th century; Muammad Amad, late 19th-century Mahdi of the Sudan (see Mahdi, Muammad Amad al-); Mirz Ghulm Amad in late 19th-century Punjab, founder of the nonmilitary Ahmadiyya (Amadyah) movement; and earlier claimants in West Africa, India, and Java. (See also Islam--The Shah.) W. Montgomery Watt* University of Edinburgh 裡面有一些是羅馬拼音的 所以無法顯示出來 像是Muammad就是Muhammad 大概就是這樣 伊兄 你所說的資料我實在找不到 可否請你po上版來 或著是文章的出處也可以 謝謝 --

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