※ 引述《joseph68 (再ㄧ次)》之銘言： : ※ [本文轉錄自 NTU-Exam 看板] : 作者: summerfish99 (請問你在那裡??) 看板: NTU-Exam : 標題: [試題] 哲學蓋倫 94第二次小考 : 時間: Thu May 25 17:30:24 2006 : 課程名稱︰哲學概論 : 課程性質︰ : 課程教師︰苑舉正 : 開課系所︰牙醫 : 考試時間︰2006/5/18 : 試題 : :(D) 1. Bacon is best known for : A.defendingthe idea that the earth revolves around the sun : B.his famous debate with Galileo : C.writing the Sidereus Nuncius : D.laying the foundations of scientific method : E.his contributions to the science of astronomy :(A) 2. An organon is: : A.a system of scientific investigation : B.a kind of star chart : C.an early tpe of astronomical telescope : D.a religious publication : E.a musical composition :(E) 3. Bacon would agree that: : A.there is only one way to diacover truth : B.math is the basis of all science : C.observations must be guided by theory : D.deductive reasoning is the key to science : E.empiricism is the best approach to science :(D) 4. According to a rationalist approach to science, : A.observation is pointless : B.observations must be theory neutral : C.celestial and terrestrial objects are fundamentally different : D.the collection of empirical data mut be guided by theory : E.science is not independent of social influences :(E) 5. According to Kuhn, the Copernican view replaced the Ptolemaic because: : A.it explained current data better : B.it made more correct predictions : C.it turned out to be true : D.the Ptolemaic system had socially unacceptable implications : E.none of the above :(E) 6. Kuhn's view is that: : A.scientific views only appear to change : B.scientific devilopment consists of long periods of calm, : punctuated by occasional periods of sudden forward progress : C.scientific progress is slow but steady : D.the most reasonable scintific view must ultimately triumph : E.none of the above :(C) 7. Which of the following would Kuhn say was a paradigm? : A.hypnosis : B.Isaac Newton : C.Newtonian physis : D.abstract art : E.astrology :(E) 8. According to Kuhn, a scientific revolution, : A.occurs when the old paradigm is proved false : B.occurs when the new paradigm is proved true : C.is something that ought to occur, but never does in actual : scientific practice : D.is when a new paradigm builds upon and extends an old one : E.none of the above :(D) 9. The point of Ackerman's "lost children"example is : A.to show that science progresses because of the efforts of a few : exceptional individuals : B.to illustrate Kuhn's theory : C.to show how science should be done : D.to show that credit for successes belongs to science as an : institution, rather than to individual scientists : E.to show that credit for successes belongs to individuals who employ : original techniques :(B) 10.According to Popper, all observation is: : A.theory neutral : B.theory laden : C.unfalstifiable : D.undetermined by theory : E.relative to a particular paradigm :(E) 11.The field of ethics includes the study of: : A.which character traits are good and bad : B.how we ought to act : C.what a good person is : D.both A and B : E.all of the above :(C) 12.For Kant, the central problem of ethics is : A.determining what one ought to do : B.to reconcile science with commands of God : C.to do what is right even in the face of temptation : D.how to develop a good character : E.to come to know oneself fully :(D) 13.A "hard case" is a moral dilemma in which: : A.one is tempted to do what one knows is wrong : B.a moral theory gives the wrong answer : C.a moral theory gives no answer at all : D.a person's ordinary moral instincts are confused : E.none of the above :(D) 14.Ethical relativism is the view that : A.whether an act is right can never be known : B.the lightness of an act is relative to the amount goodness it : produces : C.no acts are really right or wrong : D.the rightness of an act depends upon the society in which it is : performed : E.none of the above :(A) 15.Kant intended his categorical imperative to be: : A.the foundational principle of all ethics : B.a refutation of the Golden Rule : C.one of the several elements of the Moral Law : D.a principle of thought, but not behavior : E.all of the above :(E) 16.By "rational agent",Kant means a person who, : A.always follows the commands of the categorical imperative : B.knows how to make inferences from one set of propositiongs to a : nother : C.acts according to his desires : D.can make judgements about the nature of the world : E.can move himself to act by reason :(E) 17.In Kant's"kingdon of ends", : A.everyone obeys laws he gives himself : B.everyone obeys the universal moral law : C.everyone acts rationally : D.everthing has either a price or dignity : E.all of the above :(D) 18.The underlying principle of utilitarianism is sometimes called : A.the kingdom of ends : B.the best of all possible worlds : C.the Golden Rule : D.the Greatest Hapiness Principle : E.the rule of reason :(B) 19.One of the most important objections to utilitarianism is that, : A.it's too simple to account for all ethical situations : B.it sometimes requires us to perform types of acts(e.g:lying) that : we strongly believe are immoral : C.not everyone wants to be happy : D.it fails to define "hapiness" : E.none of the above :(C) 20.The emphasis on duty and obligation in ethical theory was primarily : introduced by: : A.Plato : B.Hume : C.Kant : D.feminist ethical theorists : E.the utilitarians : Answer: DAEDE : ECEDB : ECDDA : EEDBC --

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