※ [本文轉錄自 NTU-Exam 看板] 作者: summerfish99 (請問你在那裡??) 看板: NTU-Exam 標題: [試題] 哲學蓋倫 94第二次小考 時間: Thu May 25 17:30:24 2006 課程名稱︰哲學概論 課程性質︰ 課程教師︰苑舉正 開課系所︰牙醫 考試時間︰2006/5/18 試題 : 1. Bacon is best known for A.defendingthe idea that the earth revolves around the sun B.his famous debate with Galileo C.writing the Sidereus Nuncius D.laying the foundations of scientific method E.his contributions to the science of astronomy 2. An organon is: A.a system of scientific investigation B.a kind of star chart C.an early tpe of astronomical telescope D.a religious publication E.a musical composition 3. Bacon would agree that: A.there is only one way to diacover truth B.math is the basis of all science C.observations must be guided by theory D.deductive reasoning is the key to science E.empiricism is the best approach to science 4. According to a rationalist approach to science, A.observation is pointless B.observations must be theory neutral C.celestial and terrestrial objects are fundamentally different D.the collection of empirical data mut be guided by theory E.science is not independent of social influences 5. According to Kuhn, the Copernican view replaced the Ptolemaic because: A.it explained current data better B.it made more correct predictions C.it turned out to be true D.the Ptolemaic system had socially unacceptable implications E.none of the above 6. Kuhn's view is that: A.scientific views only appear to change B.scientific devilopment consists of long periods of calm, punctuated by occasional periods of sudden forward progress C.scientific progress is slow but steady D.the most reasonable scintific view must ultimately triumph E.none of the above 7. Which of the following would Kuhn say was a paradigm? A.hypnosis B.Isaac Newton C.Newtonian physis D.abstract art E.astrology 8. According to Kuhn, a scientific revolution, A.occurs when the old paradigm is proved false B.occurs when the new paradigm is proved true C.is something that ought to occur, but never does in actual scientific practice D.is when a new paradigm builds upon and extends an old one E.none of the above 9. The point of Ackerman's "lost children"example is A.to show that science progresses because of the efforts of a few exceptional individuals B.to illustrate Kuhn's theory C.to show how science should be done D.to show that credit for successes belongs to science as an institution, rather than to individual scientists E.to show that credit for successes belongs to individuals who employ original techniques 10.According to Popper, all observation is: A.theory neutral B.theory laden C.unfalstifiable D.undetermined by theory E.relative to a particular paradigm 11.The field of ethics includes the study of: A.which character traits are good and bad B.how we ought to act C.what a good person is D.both A and B E.all of the above 12.For Kant, the central problem of ethics is A.determining what one ought to do B.to reconcile science with commands of God C.to do what is right even in the face of temptation D.how to develop a good character E.to come to know oneself fully 13.A "hard case" is a moral dilemma in which: A.one is tempted to do what one knows is wrong B.a moral theory gives the wrong answer C.a moral theory gives no answer at all D.a person's ordinary moral instincts are confused E.none of the above 14.Ethical relativism is the view that A.whether an act is right can never be known B.the lightness of an act is relative to the amount goodness it produces C.no acts are really right or wrong D.the rightness of an act depends upon the society in which it is performed E.none of the above 15.Kant intended his categorical imperative to be: A.the foundational principle of all ethics B.a refutation of the Golden Rule C.one of the several elements of the Moral Law D.a principle of thought, but not behavior E.all of the above 16.By "rational agent",Kant means a person who, A.always follows the commands of the categorical imperative B.knows how to make inferences from one set of propositiongs to a nother C.acts according to his desires D.can make judgements about the nature of the world E.can move himself to act by reason 17.In Kant's"kingdon of ends", A.everyone obeys laws he gives himself B.everyone obeys the universal moral law C.everyone acts rationally D.everthing has either a price or dignity E.all of the above 18.The underlying principle of utilitarianism is sometimes called A.the kingdom of ends B.the best of all possible worlds C.the Golden Rule D.the Greatest Hapiness Principle E.the rule of reason 19.One of the most important objections to utilitarianism is that, A.it's too simple to account for all ethical situations B.it sometimes requires us to perform types of acts(e.g:lying) that we strongly believe are immoral C.not everyone wants to be happy D.it fails to define "hapiness" E.none of the above 20.The emphasis on duty and obligation in ethical theory was primarily introduced by: A.Plato B.Hume C.Kant D.feminist ethical theorists E.the utilitarians Answer: DAEDE ECEDB ECDDA EEDBC -- --

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