1. what possibly explain the different mechanisms of renal impairment in male and female children of severe primary VUR ? A)male: congenital renal hypoplasia, female:acquired renal scarring B)male: acquired renal scarring ,female:acquired renal scarring C)male:congenital renal hypoplasia, female:congenital renal hypoplasia D)male:acquired renal scarring, female:acquired renal scarring ans: A 2. According to our article, which one did not included as independent predictive factors of CKD in severe VUR ? A)race B) delay in diagnosis of VUR C)reflux grade D) renal damage ans: A --

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