1. explain the difference between pretreatment,primrary treatment,secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment,and show how they are related. 前處理的目的是用於保護後續汙水處理廠(WWTP)的單元設備，再一些舊都市廢 水處理場中可能不包括調勻池。 初級處理的主要目的是去除廢水中沉降或浮除下來的汙染物，且應假設包含前 處理程序如:攔汙柵、沉沙池及調勻池。 二級處理的主要目的是去除由初級處理程序流出的溶解性BOD5，並進一步去除 懸浮固體物，同樣地二級處理應假設包含所有初級處理程序。 三級處理程序可能使用化學處理及過濾，或將二級處理放流水小心地灌注入土 壤中，利用土壤去除汙染物，這些程序能夠去除高達99%BOD5、磷、懸浮固體和細菌，及 95%的含氮物質，產生的放流水相當乾淨。 2. for each type of decomposition(aerobic,anoxic,and anaerobic), list the electron acceptor,important end products, and relative advantages as a waste treatment process. Aerobic Anoxic Anarobic Electron acceptor O2 NO3- CO2 & organic compounds End products CO2,H2O N2,CO2,H2O CH4,CO2,H2O bacterial cells bacterial cells bacterial cells Odor potential Low Low High Ecosystem Healthy systems Upper Hypolimnion Sediments WWT Dilute wastes Denitrification Sludge Stabalization 3. sketch and label the bacterial growth curve for a pure culture. define or explain each phase labeled on the curve. http://imgur.com/3L3AIlW 遲滯期:細菌自我調整以適應新環境，開始合成新的原生質。 加速生長期:遲滯期末端，細菌開始分裂，使族群逐漸增加。 對數生長期:加速生長期末端，生物族群數量已經夠大，且世代間的差異很小，細胞以固 定的生長速率分裂，族群數目呈幾何數列增加。 靜置期:由於基質被消耗或產生毒性副產物，始對數生長逐漸變小，因此當停止分裂或死 亡和生長速率達平衡時，生物族群會在某一點上成定值。 死亡期:靜置期後，細菌開始快速的死亡。 4. define θc SRT,and sludge age, and explain their use in regulating the activated sludge process. average amount of time that microorganisms are kept in the system. It is used for controling microorganisms to degrade BOD most efficiently. 5. explain the purpose of the F/M ratio and define F and M in terms of BOD5 and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids. F = Food = organic materials = BOD5 M = microorganisms = mixed liquor volatile suspended solids Purpose: to determine return sludge volume 6. explain the relationship between F/M and θc. long SRT = low F/M short SRT = high F/M 7. define SVI. Sludge volume index: measurement of settleability of sludge and maintain sufficient concentration of activated sludge. -- 我準備好了 我相信考古題 我一定可以 --

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