課程名稱︰生理心理學 課程性質︰必帶 課程教師︰賴文崧 開課學院：理學院 開課系所︰心理系 考試日期（年月日）︰102/11/11 考試時限（分鐘）：170 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : 一、配合題 Please match the imaging techniques and descriptions 1.TMS 2.fMRI 3.PET 4.MEG 5.CXT 6.DTI 7.Optical imaging 8.ERP (A)visualizing brain activity by near-infrared light (B)combine tomography with injections of radioactive substances used by the brain (C)stimulation of cortical neurons through the application of strong magnetic fields (D)measures the tiny magnetic fields produced by active neurons (E)produce images of axonal fiber tracts (F)detects changes in blood flow and identifies regions of the brain that are active (G)computer analysis of X-ray absorption at several positions around the head (H)measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event with EEG Please match the neuroanatomical methods and the descriptions 9.in situ hybridization 10.autoradiography 11.c-Fos immunostaining 12.Golgi stain 13.HRP 14.Nissl stain 15.Immunocyto-chemistry (A)detecting particular RNA transcript in tissue using a labeled nucleotide probe (B)using specific antibody-antigen binding to detect particular protein in tissue or cells (C)fills a small proportion of neurons with a dar, silver-based precipitate to visualize neuromorphology (D)outlines all cell bodies for counting neurons because the dyes are attracted to RNA, which encircles the nucleus (E)shows the distribution of radioactive chemicals in tissues or brain areas (F)detects an immediate early gene to identify activated neurons in the brain (G)using specific enzymes or chemicals to determine the cells of origin of a particular set of axons Please match each of the following descriptions with the most relevant term 16.Activation of channelrhodopsin can depolarize the cell. 17.Humans appear to be able to detect pheromones as other mammals. 18.Loss of coordination of movement can be caused by cerebellum pathology. 19.If the release of the neurotransmitter was eliminated, a compensatory increase in postsynaptic receptors occured. 20.Both of Huntington's Chorea and fragile X syndrome are caused by intrinsic factors. (A)epigenetics (B)optogenetics (C)main olfactory system (D)accessory olfactory system (E)up-regulation (F)ataxia (G)polioviruses (H)trinucleotide repeats Please answer the questions with the most relevant disease listed below 1.Patients suffered from _(21)_ will show desynchronized electrical activity in the brain. 2._(22)_ is a disorder that is caused by toxin-exposure during embryonic or fetal stage. 3._(23)_ is a kind of neurodegerative disease which results in the motoneurons of the brainstem and spinal cord spontaneously start to die. 4.Presenilin and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are enzymes which are involved in the pathogenesis of _(24)_. 5.Neuronal death in the substantia nigra is considered as the fundamental pathological change in _(25)_. (A)autism (B)Alzheimer's disease (C)Rett syndrome (D)Down syndrome (E)epilepsy (F)myasthenia gravis (G)Parkinson's disease (H)fetal alcohol syndrome (I)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Please match each of the following statement with the most relevant type of hormones 26.Goiter 27.Dark-light cycle 28.Pair-bonding in male prairie voles 29.Milk letdown reflex 30.Psychosocial dwarfism (A)Thyroid hormone (B)Growth hormone (C)Vasopressin (D)Testosterone (E)Melatonin (F)Glucocorticoids (G)Oxytocin (H)Insulin Please match each of the following terms or psychopharmacological drugs with the most relevant receptor type or ion channel 答案可重複填寫 31.LSD 32.Heroin 33.Amphetamine 34.Anxiolytics (Diazepam) 35.Marijuana 36.Prozac (Fluxoetine) (A)Sodium channels (B)Dopaminergic receptors (C)Acetylcholine receptors (D)GABA receptors (E)Adenosine receptors (F)NMDA receptors (G)Opioid receptors (H)Cannabinoid receptors (I)Serotonin receptors (J)Metabotropic receptors Please match each of the following statements with its relevant hypothesis 37.Primates show a correlation between clique size and size of the cortex relativeto overall brain size. 38.The tail of the male peacock is energy demanding; therefore, it must confer some food gathering advantage. 39.is intended to expain two different phenomena: the advantage of sexual reproduction at the level of individuals, and the constant evolutionary arms race between competing species. 40.'A mechanism for specific selection for general learning ability. Selected offspring would tend to have an increased capacity for learning new skills rather than being confined to genetically coded, relatively fixed abilities ... the sustained behavior of a species or group can shape the evolution of that species'. This sentence is describing: (Adopted from Wikipedia) (A)Red queen hypothesis (B)Bottleneck effect (C)Handicap principle (D)Social brain hypothesis (E)Baldwin effect 二、名詞解釋 1.beta-amyloid 2.Blood-brain barrier 3.Salutatory conduction 4.Ecological niches 5.Knockout organism 6.single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 7.Genomic effects of steroid hormones 8.Dose-response curve (DRC) 9.therapeutic index 10.Tolerance 11.Homeostasis 12.channelopathy 13.Agonist versus antagonist 14.Apoptosis 15.The CRE-lox system 16.metabotropic receptor 17.Excitotoxicity 18.Hormone 19.inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) 20.deep brain stimulation 三、簡答申論題 1.請論述神經傳導物質與激素的作用機制，並比較兩者間的相異之處。 2.請任選一種神經傳導物質為例，介紹其主要功能、合成歷程與腦中分佈。 3.請說明何謂epigenetics？它包含了哪兩大部分的影響？請自行設計一個實驗或是以課本 實驗為例說明如何以實驗的方法證明epigenetics在生物體上的影響？ 4.請依據課本說明神經系統發展過程中的幾個步驟，並分別描述及說明每個步驟的細節與 目的。 (總分108) --

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