課程名稱︰經濟學原理 課程性質︰必修 課程教師︰官俊榮 開課學院：生農 開課系所︰農經系 考試日期（年月日）︰2012/11/09 考試時限（分鐘）： 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : Part A (30points) 1. Which of the following is correct? (A) The word economy comes from the Greek word of “rational thinker.” (B) Economists study the management of scarce resources. (C) Because economists believe that people pursue their best interests, they are not interested in how people interact. (D) All of the above are correct. 2. The fundamental problem of economics is (A) to establish an equitable system of personal and business taxation. (B) to establish a democratic political framework for the provision of social goods and services. (C) the scarcity of productive resources relative to material wants. (D) to achieve a more equitable distribution of money income in order to mitigate property. 3. The phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact that (A) most economies’ production methods are not very good (B) in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services (C) governments restrict production of too many goods and services (D) resources are limited 4. Efficiency means that (A) society is conserving resources in order to save them for the future (B) society’s goods and services are distributed equally among society’s members (C) society’s goods and services are distributed fairly, though not necessarily equally, among society’s members (D) society is getting the maximum benefits from its scarce resources 5. Which of the following is true? (A) Efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie; equally refers to how the pie is divided. (B) Government policies usually improve upon both equality and efficiency. (C) As long as the economic pie continually gets larger, no one will have to go hungry. (D) Efficiency and equality can both be achieved if the economic pie is cut into equal pieces. 6. In economics, the cost of something is (A) the dollar amount of obtaining it. (B) always measured in units of time given up to get it. (C) what you give up to get it. (D) often impossible to quantify, even in principle. 7. When computing the opportunity cost of attending a concert you should include (A) the price you pay for the ticket and the value of your time. (B) the price you pay for the ticket but not the value of your time. (C) the value of your time but not the price you pay for the ticket. (D) neither the price you pay for the ticket nor the value of your time. 8. Economists are particularly adept at understanding that people respond to (A) laws. (B) incentives. (C) punishments more than rewards. (D) rewards more than punishments. 9. The production possibilities frontier shows (A) the various products that can be produced now and in the future. (B) the maximum attainable combinations of two products that may be produced in a particular time period with available resources. (C) what an equitable distribution of products among citizens would be. (D) what people want firms to produce in a particular time period. 10. The production possibilities frontier model shows that (A) if consumers decide to buy more of a product its price will increase. (B) a market economy is more efficient in producing goods and services than is a centrally planned economy. (C) economic growth can only be achieved by free market economies. (D) if all resources are fully and efficiently utilized, more of one good can be produced only by producing less of another good. 11. You have an absolute advantage whenever you (A) are better educated than someone else (B) can produce more of something than others with the same resources. (C) prefer to do one particular activity. (D) can produce something at a lower opportunity cost than others. 12. Every society faces economic tradeoffs. This means (A) some people live better than others do. (B) not everyone can have enough goods to survive. (C) producing more of one good means less of another good can be produced. (D) society’s output cannot be made available to all. 13. Which fundamental economic problem was 3Com, a leading U.S. high-tech firm, addressing when it decided to move its computer network switch manufacturing operations to China? (A) Where to produce? (B) How to produce? (C) What to produce? (D) For whom to produce? 14. Which of the following is a result of a market economy? (A) environmental protection (B) an equal income distribution (C) agreement on equity (D) voluntary exchange 15. The branch of economics which studies the behavior of entire economies and policies that affect the economy as a whole is called (A) public economics (B) microeconomics (C) macroeconomics (D) normative economics Part B (100points) 1. True or false and explain why. (30 points) I. As the product price is such that quantity demanded and surplus arises, the amount of that product is more than human wants and thus it is not scarce. Hence, its price will decline until zero. II. The official stated that the fact that unemployment rate of more than 8% in the U.S. indicates the rate less than 5% in Taiwan is not that bad. His argument is based on facts and thus is a positive statement. III. The goods and services that are produced include those other than capital and consumption goods. IV. That there is no such thing like a free lunch does not necessarily refer to a convex outwards production possibility frontier (PPF). V. In past 20 years, as the average income has been rising, the demand for lamb has increased. It can be concluded that lamb is a normal good. 2. The milk market is represented by demand and supply in the following table where the quantity is in millions of quarts per year: (25points) P Qd Qs $1.60 40 100 1.50 45 90 1.40 50 80 1.30 55 70 1.20 60 60 1.10 65 50 1.00 70 40 0.90 75 30 Answer the followings: (Using above table, graph and reasoning.) I. Determine the equilibrium market price and quantity supplied. II. Suppose the production cost has risen by $0.30 per unit and thus the producer intends to raise the price by $0.30. What is the resulting new equilibrium price? III. Suppose as long as price is higher than $1.0, 15 million Quarts are imported. What is the new equilibrium price? 3. 假定(20,88)及(41,40)是生產可能曲線上的兩個組合，並且兩種財貨之生產具有機會 成本遞增的性質。試回答並以圖形說明：(20 points) I. 生產點(48,24)是否合乎生產效率且為可行？ II. 其中若X2=52，則X1至少要為多少？ 4. 試以市場模型之圖形分析台灣本土豬肉價格分別在以下情況之變化，並明確指出其中 必要之前提貨假設： (25 points) I. 政府決定開放美國豬進口。 II. 本土肉機飼養發生雞瘟。 III. 經過連續20年的所得成長。 (Answer with graph and reasoning.) --

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