課程名稱︰植物生理學 課程性質︰生科系選擇必修 課程教師︰王淑美 開課學院：生命科學院 開課系所︰生命科學系 考試日期（年月日）︰2008/01/08 考試時限（分鐘）：120分鐘 是否需發放獎勵金：是 試題 : Plant Physiology 2006, 4th ed., eds. Taiz and Zeiger (Ch. 17~25) I. Pick up the correct answer(s) 1.which following gene does NOT belong to the group of floral meristem identity genes: (A) LFY; (B) AP1; (C) SOC1; (D) STM; (E) ASI 2.According to the ABC model of floral development, the mutation of AG (Agamous) will give rise which type of flowers: (A) a complete flower; (B) a flower having stamens and petals only; (C) a flower without petals and sepals; (D) a flower without stamens and pistil; (E) a flower having the pistil only 3.Vernalizaion is a phenomenon: Low temperature promotes the flowering of some viennial plants. As we know, the perception site of low temperature is [(A) leaf; (B) root; (C) phloem; (D) shoot apical meristem; (E) floral meristem]; and the optimal temperature of venalization is ranging between (A) 20~15C; (B) 15~8C; (C) 7~1C; (D) 2~-5C; (E) -5~-10C 4.The following molecule is the most likely candidate of FLORIGEN produced in leaves and transported to shoot apical meristem via: (A) Co mRNA; phloem; (B) FT; phloem; (C) FT; xylem; (D) FLC; phloem; (E) FLC; xylem; 5.The structure of which following hormone contains no basic isoprene unit of terpenoids: (A) IAA; (B) Gibberellins; (C) cytokinins; (D) Brassinosteroid; (E) Abscic acid 6.____ is the major site of cytokinin synbthesis. After sybthesized, cytokinin is transported to ____ via ____. (A) Shoot tip; root; phloem; (B) Root tip; shoot; phloem; (C) Shoot tip; root; xylem; (D) Root tip; shoot xylem; (E) Developing fruits; shoot tip; phloem 7.Which following phytohormone is acting at the site of synthesis? (A) Cytokinins; (B) Abscisic acid; (C) Gibberellins; (D) Brassinosteroids; (E) Auxins 8.Which two phytohormones can stimulate CYCD3 (a D-type cyclin) and lead to cell division? (A) Auxins and gibberellins; (B) Auxins and Cytokinins; (C) Gibberellins and cytokinins; (D) Auxins and Brassinosteroids; (E) Cytokinins and brassinosteroids 9.The precursors of ethylene and IAA are ____ and ____, respectively. (A) methionine, tryptophan; (B) methionine, methionine; (C) arginine, methionine; (D) glutamate, methionine; (E) tryptophan, arginine 10.A cyclic pathway, ____, can supply enough precursor to sustain the active production of ethylene. (A) Calvin cycle; (B) Krebs cycle; (C) Yang cycle; (D) glyoxylate cycle; (E) postive feedback loop 11.Blue light induce certain gene expression and cause the accumulation of anthocyanin and the build-up of photosynthetic machinery. Which following genes are blue-light specific? (A) CS (Chalocone synthase); (B) CAB (LHCB); (C) AUX1; (D) RBCS; (E) GSA (in chlorophyll biosynthesis) 12.As we know, protein kinase inhibitors block the blue light induced stomatal opening. We are able to conclude that ____ is involved in blue light signaling. (A) photosynthesis; (B) transpiration; (C) H+ pumping; (D) ATP synthase; (E) protein phosphorylation 13.The following genes are believed to be major colck genes, EXPECT (A) PHY A; (B) TOC 1; (C) LHY; (D) CCA 1 14.Phytochromes mediate photomorphogenesis and shade avoidance of light-grown plants. Which phytochrome plays the predominant role in shade avoidance response? (A) phyA; (B) phyB; (C) phyC; (D) phyD; (E) phyE 15.The unique patterns of phytohormone distribution reflects the position- dependent signaling and regulate the embryogenesis. Low level of which following hormones points the site of shoot apical meristem? (A) Auxin and GA; (B) ABA and ehylene; (C) Auxin and cytokinin; (D) Cytokinin and brassionsteroids; (E) Cytokinin and ABA II. Matching the hormones and effects (A) Auxins; (B) Gibberellins; (C) Cytokinins; (D) Ethylene; (E) Abscisic acid; (F) Brassinosteroids 1. to promote xylem differentiation during vascular development 2. to promote chloroplast development 3. to enhances the rate of leaf abscission 4. to maintain mature seed in dormant state 5. to initiate lateral and adventitious roots 6. to maintain the apical hooks of dark-grown seedling 7. to delay the onset of leaf abscission 8. to promote genetic tumors at high content 9. to increase sink strength 10.to stimulate stem growth in dwarf and rosette plants 11.are required for growth of pollen tubes 12.to induce roots and roots hairs 13.to regulate the transition from juvenile to adult phases 14.to promote seed storage reserve accumulation 15.to be utilized as herbicides III. 填充 1. Give on active form of each phytohormone: a.Auxins:____ b.cytokinins:____ c.Gibberellins:____ d.Brassionsteroids:____ e.Abscisic acid:____ 2. Give the term of ABA receptors:____, ABAR and ____ 3. In oreder to examine the distribution pattern of active hormone in planta, scientists may construct a reporter gene to the selected promoter which is sensitive to the specisic hormone and then generate transgenic plants. By staining the reporter gene product, the unique pattern of distribution can be observed. What kinds of promoters are commonly used to study the distribution patters of (i) IAA:___, (ii) GA:___, and (iii) cytokinin:___ 4. Photosynthesis and phytochrome response can cause effects on stomatal opening and inhibition of stem elongation. Whe scientists study the blue light effects: ____ light is supply to the guard cells to minimize the interference of photosynthesis on blue light effect; and ____ light is given to stabiliza phytochrome status. 5. Several membrane proteins play crucial roles in auxin polar transport, they are ____ and ____. 6. The growth of plant cells is regulated by hormones, factors affecting cell expansion (increase in cell volume) is expressed as GR = m (ψp-Y). m is: ________; Y is ________ 7. The characteristic action spectrum of blue light response: ______ pattern in 400~500nm besides. 8. When blue light induces the stomatal opening, high level of osmotica must be built up prior to the entrance of water. Major major osmotica are K+, ______, ______, ______. 9. If a plant is treated with high concentration of cytokinin, the gene expression of ______(protein) will be stimulated to reduce the level of CK. 10.Some known signal receptors are specific protein kinases. Spedify the kinase type of following signals: The receptors of cytokinin: __________; The receptors of Red/Far-red light: __________; Receptors of ehylene: __________; Receptors of brassinosteroids: _________; IV. 解釋名詞: (3 points of each) 1. GAMYB 2. PINS 3. Cholodny-Went hypothesis 4. Cryptochrome V. 問答 (8 points of each) 1. Describe the four major signaling pathways leading to flowering in Arabidopsis. 2. In order to maintain the flexibility of plant growth to the external factors, the level of biologically active forms of phytohormones in plant tissues/body is dynamic and tightly regulated by multiple metabolic pathways. Describe the general model regarding the maintenance of phytohormone homeostasis. 3. How does ABAhelp the plant cope with water stress? By what mechanisms ABA can stibulate and maintain the stomatal closure? 4. There are 5 ethylee receptors in arbidopsis genomn, name them. Mutation in the binding site of any oine ethylene receptor is sufficient to block the ethylene responses. Why? 5. How GAs regulate their own metabolism and how do auxins promote the GA level in plant tissues? 6. Describe the biosynthetic pathyway of ethylene, and list those factors affecting the rate-limiting steps. 7. Phytochronme responses can be distinguished by the amount of light required: VLFR, LFR and HIR. Characterize these three types of responses in terns of photoreversibility and reciprocity. 8. Describe the transcriptional negative feedback loop involved in the circadian oscillator. BONUS: A. What is the function of phyto-oncogenes in T-DNA of Agrobacterium? Why those oncogenes do not express in free-living bacteria? B. GA會透過signal transduction促進植物個體長高，已知有DELLA protein參與在信息 傳導過程。解釋當DELLA repressor發生突變，可能出現植株矮化(dwarf)或纖長( slender)的外表型之原因。 --

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