課程名稱︰國際貿易理論與政策 課程性質︰必修 課程教師︰盧信昌 開課學院：管理學院 開課系所︰國際企業學系 考試日期（年月日）︰2012/11/20 考試時限（分鐘）： 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : Multiple Choice Questions: 1. If there are large disparities in wage levels between countries, then (a) trade is likely to be harmful to both countries. (b) trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages. (c) trade is likely to be harmful to neither country. (d) trade is likely to have no effect on either country. 2. An improvement in a country's balance of payments means a decrease in its balance of payments deficit, or an increase in its surplus. In fact we know that a surplus in a balance of payments (a) is good. (b) is usually good. (c) is probably good. (d) may be considered bad. (e) is always bad. 3. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences in (a) historical perspective. (b) location. (c) resource availabilities. (d) tastes. (e) incomes. 4. Increased foreign competition tends to (a) increase profits of domestic import-competing industries. (b) place constraints on the wages of domestic workers. (c) induce falling output per worker for domestic workers. (d) intensity inflationary pressures at home. (e) None of the above. 5. Since World War II(the early 1950s), the proportion of most countries' production being used in some other country (a) remained constant. (b) increased. (c) decreased. (d) fluctuated widely with no clear trend. (e) both (a) and (d) above 6. Since World War II, the liklihood that foreign markets would gain importance in the average exporters' as a source of profits (a) remained constant. (b) increased. (c) decreased. (d) fluctuated widely with no clear trend. (e) both (a) and (d) above 7. Since World War II, the relative importance of raw materials, including oil, in total world trade (a) remained constant. (b) increased. (c) decreased. (d) fluctuated widely with no clear trend. (e) both (a) and (d) above 8. In the present, most of the exports from China are in (a) manufactured goods. (b) services. (c) primary products including agricultural. (d) technology intensive products. (e) None of the above. 9. Trade between two countries can benefit both countries if (a) each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage. (b) each country enjoys superior terms of trade. (c) each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods. (d) each country has a more elastic supply for the supplied goods. (e) Both (c) and (d). 10. In a two product two country world, international trade can lead to increases in (a) consumer welfare only if output of both products is increased. (b) output of both produts and consumer welfare in both countries. (c) total prodution of both produts but not consumer welfare in both countries (d) consumer welfare in both countries but not total prodution of both produts (e) None of the above. 11. As a result of trade between two countries which are of completely different economic sizes, specialization in the Ricardian 2X2 model tends to be (a) incomplete in both countries. (b) complete in both countries. (c) complete in the small country but incomplete in the large country. (d) complete in the large country but incomplete in the small country. (e) None of the above. 12. If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely if (a) their supply curves are identical. (b) their cost functions are identical. (c) their demand conditions are identical. (d) their incomes are identical. (e) None of the above. 13. If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wage exceeding the relative productivity ratios), then (a) it is not possible that producers in each will find export markets profitable. (b) it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance their respective welfares through imports. (c) it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade. (d) it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade. (e) None of the above. 14. Ricardo's original theory of comparative advantage seemed of limited real-world value because it was founded on the (a) labor theory of value. (b) capital theory of value. (c) land theory of value. (d) entrepreneur theory of value. (e) None of the above. 15. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement "Germany enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships" is equivalent to (a) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships. (b) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ships. (c) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships. (d) France having no comparative advantage over Germany. (e) None of the above. 16. The Leontieff Paradox (a) refers to the finding that U.S. exports were more labor intensive than its imports (b) refers to the finding that U.S. exports were more capital intensive than its imports (c) refers to the finding that the U.S. produces outside its Edgeworth Box (d) still accurately applies to today's pattern of U.S. international trade. (e) refers to the fact that Leontieff－an American economist－had a Russian name. 17. If the United States had relatively more capital per worker than Mexico, and if the Leontieff Paradox applied to this trade, then a successful expansion of trade under NAFTA between Mexico and the United States would tend to benefit which group in the United States? (a) Environmentalists (b) Capitalists (c) Workers (d) Land owners (e) Skilld labor with relatively high levels of human capital 18. One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparative advantage is by assuming that ___ is (are) dentical in all countries. (a) factor of production endowments (b) scale economies (c) factor of production intensities (d) technology (e) opportunity costs 19. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade begins (a) wages and rents sould rise in H. (b) wages and rents should fall in H. (c) wages should rise and rents should fall in H. (d) wages should fall and rents should rise in H. (e) None of the above. 20. If tastes differed between countries, this could affect (a) wage equalization due to trade with no specialization. (b) the direction of trade(who exports what to whom). (c) the fact that some groups in a country might lose welfare due to trade. (d) the fact that the country as a whole will gain from trade. (e) None of the above. Calculations & Short andswer questions. 1. Consider two countries, Spain and Italy, where the only two factors of production are capital and labor. Spain has 100 units of capital and 400 units of labor and Italy has 200 units of capital and 100 units of labor. Both countries produce two goods, cheese and suits. The labor share in total production costs is 75% for cheese but only 25% for suits. Which country is capital-abundant? What will be the export from Spain? 2. Compare the basis for trade between the Ricardian model and Heckscher-Ohlin model. List the main assumptions and compare their implication in output as well as gains from trade. 3. Use the information given here to answer the following questions: Manufacturing Sales revenue = Pm‧Qm = 150 Payments to labor = W‧Lm = 100 Payments to capital = Rk‧K = 50 Agriculture Sales revenue = Pm‧Qm = 150 Payments to labor = W‧Lm = 50 Payments to land = Rk‧K = 100 Holding the price of manufacturing constant, suppose the increase in the price of agriculture is 10% and the increase in the wage is 5%. a.Determine the impact of the increase in the price of agriculture on the rental on land and the rental on capital. b.Explain what has happened to the real rental on land and the real rental on capital. --

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