課程名稱︰知覺心理學 課程性質︰必修 課程教師︰葉素玲 開課學院：理學院 開課系所︰心理系 考試日期（年月日）︰2013/01/08 考試時限（分鐘）：120分鐘 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : 一、選擇題(單選題，有35題，每題2分，共70分)(請將答案依序填入選擇題答案空格內) 1. Helen Keller, who was born deaf and blind, felt that being ____ was worse because ____. a. deaf; it isolated her from people b. deaf; she couldn't hear music c. blind; it made her dificult to walk without help d. blind; it isolated her from things 2. The relationship between an ororant's smell and its recognition profile is similar to ____ in vision. a. stereopsis b. binocular cell response c. trichromatic coding for color d. corollary discharge theory 3. The auditory cortex is similar to the visual cortex in that a. both have a primary receiving area that receives input from thalamus b. both receive inpuy from superior colliculus c. both receive input from lateral geniculate nucleus d. phase locking is important for both 4. Vision : figure-ground segregation :: Audition : ____. a. the ecological approach b. intimacy c. auditory scene analysis d. Fourier analysis 5. The major concern involved in architectural acoustics is how a. indirect sound changes sound quality b. indirect sound affects auditory scene analysis c. direct sound changes sound quality d. direct sound affects the precedence effect 6. The McGurk effect illustrates the importance of ____ on speech perception. a. cutaneous senses b. articulators c. kinesthesia d. vision 7. A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the ____, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency. a. fundamental frequency b. harmonic frequency c. spatial frequency d. audible frequency 8. The discovery of ____ is used as support for the motor theory of speech perception. a. Broca's area b. Wernicke's area c. audiovisual mirror neurons d. simple calls in area V1 9. The receptive fields of cortical S1 neurons are a. larger for the fingers than for the forearm b. larger for the fingers than for the hand c. smaller for the fingers than the forearm d. the same size for the fingers as for the hand 10. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) receives input from a. the visual pathways b. the primary somatosensory cortex c. the primary cortical areas for taste and olfaction d. all od these 11. As a monkey's hunger for cream decreases, the firing of the OFC neuron to the cream's odor a. increases b. decreases c. stays the same d. randomly increases or decreases 12. Macrosmatic species will use olfaction for a. marking territory b. sexual reproduction c. a guide for food sources d. all of these 13. When you say "bat" and "boat," the /b/ sound is articulated differently. This is an example of a. phoneme contiguity b. reverberation time c. phoneme restoration effect d. coarticulation 14. The ____ are responsible for the perception of rapid vibrations, such as you would experience when using a hand-held massager. a. Ruffini cylinders b. Merkel receptors c. Meissner corpuscles d. Pacinian corpuscles 15. There are ____ different types of olfactory receptors in humans. a. 4 b. 20 c. approximately 350 d. approximately 10,000 16. The sound pressure level increases ____ as the decibel level increases from 40 to 80 dBs. a. 1.5 times b. 2 times c. 4 times d. 10 times 17. In the precedence effect, the sound from the far speaker a. does not contribute to the perception of the sound b. only helps sound localization if the time difference is less than 5 milliseconds c. only helps sound localization if the time difference is less than 2 milliseconds d. contributes to the richness of the sound 18. The study be Sekuler et al., in which a "click" was added to a visual display of two diagonally moving dots, showed that a. visual capture occurs in haptic research b. hearing can influence visual perception c. indirect sounds are located better than direct sounds d. direct sounds are located better than indirect sounds 19. Which of the following structures is part of the pain matrix? a. amygdala b. insula c. ACC (anterior cingulated cortex) d, All of these 20. The function of the auditory canal is to enhance the intensities of some frequency sounds by means of a. resonance b. pinnae focusing c. additive synthesis d. auditory masking 21. The nerve fibers in the spinal cord go in a. the medial lemniscal pathway only b. the spinothalamic pathway only c. the geniculostriate pathway only d. both the medial lemnsical pathway and the spinothalamic pathway 22. The anecdote about the construction of New York's Philharmonic Hall demonstrates that a. an ideal reverberation time does not always predict good acoustic b. an ideal reverberation time alway predicts good acoustics c. musicians should design symphony halls d. the binaural cues are more important than the monaural cue in architectural acoustics 23. Spectrograms of sentences show a. no clear pauses or breaks between words b. that formant transtions account for the breaks between words c. that clear pauses occur between each spoken word d. segmentation of words is easily accomplished by listeners in any context 24. Neurons in the monkey somatosensory cortex have been found that a. respond only to stimuli of a specific orientation b. respond only to active touching of a ruler c. respond differentl under attention conditions d. All of these have been found 25. The function of the muscles of the middle ear is to a. intensify sounds at high intensities b. intensify sounds at high frequencies c. dampen the ossicles vibrations at high intensities d. divert high frequencies to the oval window and low frequencies to the round window 26. Based on the finding that ____, it is believed that endorphins are linked to pain relief. a. naloxone injections increase the analgesic effect of endorphins b. naloxone injectiond decrease the analgesic effect of endorphins and placebos c. naloxone injections increase the analgesic effects of placebos d. placebo injections increase the analgesic effects of endorphins 27. Warren et al. presented listeners with tones that were either (1) interrupeted with silent gaps; or (2) interrupted with silent gaps with noise. The results showed a. both conditions resulted in listeners hearing a continuous tone b. both conditions resulted in listeners hearing bursts of separate tones c. the noise condition resulted in listeners hearing a continuous tone d. the silent gap condition resulted in listeners hearing a continuous tone 28. The ____ is the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of the word. a. formants b. phonemes c. metamers d. morphemes 29. If a listener is asked to pay attention to speech provided by familiar voices, the ____ is activated, as shown by fMRI studies. a. FFA (fusiform face area) b. STS (superior temporal sulcus) c. both the FFA and STS d. none of these 30. In regard to specificity vs. distributed coding, most researchers conclude a. distributed coding has the most research support. b. specificity coding has the most research support. c. basic taste qualities are determined by specificity coding, and distributed coding is important for discriminating subtle differences. d. basic taste qualities are determined by distriduted coding, and specificity coding is important for discriminating subtle differences. 31. Hofmann et al. had participants wear artificial pinnae for about three weeks. Which of the following was a result of their study? a. Participants could not adapt to wearing the artificial pinnae b. Participants did adapt in about 19 days, but then could not accurately localize sounds when they removed the artificial pinnae c. Participants did adapt in about 19 days, and then could accurately localize sounds when they removed the artificial pinnae d. Participants could not localize sounds along the azimuth with the new pinnae, but could localize sounds along the elevation coordinate after 3 days of adaptation 32. The problem of variability from the way different people speak can be demonstrated by a. the pitch differences in different people's voices b. the different accents of different speakers c. the speed at which the speaker talks d, all of these 33. An onion smell is presented to a participant, and is told that it is "body odor" or it is "pizza." The participant will perceive the odor a. more favorably if it is labeled "pizza" than "body odor" b. more favorably if it is labeled "body odor" than "pizza," but only if the "body odor" is from the opposite sex c. more favorably if it is labeled "body odor" than "pizza," no matter which sex the "body odor" is from d. in the same way; labeling does not affect odor perception 34. The somatosensory system a. is the same as the cutaneous sensory system b. is comprised of cutaneous sensations, proprioception, and kinesthesis c. is not activated when reading Braille d. is not important for motivating sexual activity 35. The ____ is the structure that the receptors for olfaction. a. olfactory bulb b. olfactory mucosa c. chorda tympani d. substantia gelatinosa 二、簡答題(有5題，每題6分，共30分)(請簡明扼要回答下列問題，依序寫在測驗卷上) 1. 說明聽覺系統中辨別空間位置的雙耳線索有哪兩種，以及這兩種雙耳線索適用什麼 範圍的聲音頻率，理由是? 2. 說明 Bekesy's place theory of hearing，並舉出一個支持此理論的實驗證據。 3. 何謂 the duplex theory of texture perception?舉出一個支持此理論的實驗證據。 4. 嗅覺是屬於 specificity coding 或 distributed coding? 請以實驗證據說明。 5. 舉出兩例來反駁痛覺的 direct pathway coding，並說明如何可以用 gate control model 來解釋。 三、加分題(有2題，每題5分，共10分) 1. 根據本學期所學的內容，舉出視覺、聽覺、觸覺、嗅覺、味覺等共同之處以及會有此 共同處的可能理由。 2. 修知覺心理學這門課最大的收穫為何? 該領域最重要的議題為何? 理由何在? --

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