課程名稱︰植物生理學 課程性質︰ 課程教師︰王淑美 開課學院：生命科學院 開課系所︰生命科學系 考試日期（年月日）︰2012.10.17 考試時限（分鐘）：120 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : I. Fill in each blank(1 point for each blank) 1. Give the name of a model plant which is the most popular for the prevailing scientific research:______________________ 2. Water is an excellent cooling agent for plants dissipating excess solar energy, because water possesses the following property: [a. high melting point; b. high specific heat; c. high boiling point; d. high latent heat; e. high conductivity] 3. In general, water movement in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is driven by ___________. For an active cell, _________potential and _______potential are the 2 major component of its water potential. For a dry seed, one more component of water potential has to be considered and it contributes to the initial water absorption very much during seed imbibition: ____________ 4. A membrane protein that serves as a water channel is called ______________ 5. Plant roots have to absorb water from soil. Water availability is the most important factor affecting pant growth and crop yield. The maximum amount of water available for plant grown in soil is the difference between__________ and _____________. 6. The association of plant root and fungi is called _____________. There are 2 type of these association, namely ________ and _________. These association is very helpful for plant growth sue to the expansion of __________ and P-solubilization. 7. It is well known that the deficiency of essential elements will severely affect the normal growth of plants. When chlorosis appears in interveinal areas of soybean young leaf first and the leaf eventually became pale color, you may conclude that the plant is deficient in ___________. 8. Give 3 mineral elements that can not be retranslocated via phloem:__________ 9. According _________ equation and observed ion concentration inside plant cells, one can predict the movement mechanism of this given ion across plasma membrane being via diffusion or active transport. Please give the equation: __________________ 10.A living cell must be able to maintain its cell membrane potential via the action of electrogenic pumps. In plants, the major electrogenic pump responsible for maintenance of membrane potential is ________________ 11.Many plant physiological events are affected by the water status, among following processes, which one is the most sensitive to the hardship of water supply [a. photosynthesis; b. protein synthesis; c. stomatal closure; d. cell expansion; e. leaf wilting]:_____________ 12.Roots are major organ responsible for water absorption. The major resistance of root to water absorption from soil is located at __________(a specialized tissue) 13.The resistance of leaf transpiration contains 2 dynamic determinants,______ and ___________. In windy day, __________resistance is dramatically reduced. 14.16 mineral elements are essential for plant growth. List elements in the order of amount needed for plant growth: N>__>__>Mg>P>__>Si>Cl>Fe>B>Mn>Na>__ >Cu>Ni>Mo 15.In what range of soil pH, the availability of minerals is optimal for most plants:________ 16.Make a comparisn between plasma membrane H+-ATPase and vacuolar H+-ATPase: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ P-type H+-ATPase V-type H+-ATPase ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Protein structure ? multimeric protein ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Inhibit by ? ? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ H+-pumping efficiency 1 H+ pump per ATP consumed ? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17.The concentration of Ca2+ in cytosol is very low and under tight regulation. Most of cellular Ca2+ are sequestrated in __________ and ER. 18.Among photosynthesis-related pigments, __________ and _________are essential for sustaining photosynthetic machinery and universal occurrence in plants and algae. 19.There is big difference in absorption efficiency of Ca2+ along different regions of root. Which part of root generally performs the best absorption efficiency.______[a. root hairs; b. maturation zone; c. elongation zone; d. root cap; e. apical meristematic region] 20.Chelating agents are usually added to nutrient solution in water culture for preventing essential elements from precipitation. What type of ion can be protectedby chelators: _____________. Could you give popular synthetic chelator:_________________ 21.The light intensity of full sunlight is about_______________.Name 2 photoreceptors of blue light: _________________and____________. 22.When you conduct water culture, what major parameters you have to consider: pH-stat, _____________ and ________________. 23.The most apparent deficiency symptoms of essential elements: chlorosis and __________. 24.Can you learn the value of osmotic potential for a given solution? Give the quation you sued:________________ 25.Give the name of well-known plant pigment that can signal red light or far-red light, also express photoreversibility:_____________ 26.Plants lose water mainly by transpiration. In addition to stomatal transpiration, _____________ and lenticular transpiration also exist. Plants also lose water through hadathodes via liquid form, this phenomenon is called _________ 27.If transpiration rate exceeds root uptake of water, there may be a__________ of the stomates. 28.Tracheids and vessels are different water conducting cells. The conducting efficiency of vessels is much higher than tracheids. One of reason is water must pass ___________ between tracheid elements in its flow path, but water can freely pass _______________ between vessel elements. II. Short eaasy(5 points for each) 1. By what strategies plants may overcome iron stress(deficiency)? 2. A leaf looks purple because of the presence of anthocyanin in its epidermal tissue. Can this leaf perform good efficiency in photosynthesis? Why? 3. Based on what evidences, plant scientists accept the existence of active xylem loading? 4. Stomatal aperture is increased when guard cells take up a tiny amount of water and turn rigid. Why? 5. Describe differences of luxury consumption,toxification and phytoremediation 6. By what meanings plants can minimize the impact of cavitation and embolism occurred in xylem system? 7. What does "soil fertility" mean? Why acid rain can badly reduce the soil fertility? 8. To explain why leaf transpiration contribute most to the water ascent in plant body. 9. To compare the primary active transport and secondary active transport? 10.What are proteoid roots? Briefy describe their functions? --

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