課程名稱︰經濟學一 課程性質︰通識A5 課程教師︰劉錦添 開課學院：社會科學院 開課系所︰經濟學系 考試日期（年月日）︰2011.12.21 考試時限（分鐘）：60 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題: 1.(25%) Many schemes for price discriminating involve some cost. For example, discount coupons take up the time and resources of both the buyer and the seller. This question considers the implications of costly price discrimination. To keep things simple, let's assume that our monopolist's production costs are simply proportional to output so that average total cost and marginal cost are constant and equal to each other. (5%)a. Draw the cost, demand, and marginalrevenue curves for the monopolist. Show the price the monopolist would charge without price discrimination. (5%)b. In your diagram, mark the area equal to the monopolist's profit and call it X. Mark the area equal to consumer surplus and call it Y. Mark the area equal to the deadweight loss and call it Z. (5%)c. Now suppose that the monopolist can perfectly price discriminate. What is the monopolist's profit? (Give your answer in terms of X, Y, and Z.) (5%)d. What is the change in the monopolist's profit from price discrimination? What is the change in total surplus from price discrimination? Which change is larger? Explain. (Give your answer in terms of X, Y, and Z.) (5%)e. Now suppose that there is some cost of price discrimination. To model this cost, let's assume that the monopolist has to pay a fixed cost C to price discriminate. How would a monopolist make the decision whether to pay this fixed cost? (Give your answer in terms of X, Y, Z, and C.) 2.(30%) Based on market research, a film production company in Ectenia obtains the following information about the demand and production costs of its new DVD: Demand: P = 1,000 – 10Q Total Revenue: TR = 1,000Q – 10Q2 Marginal Revenue: MR = 1,000 – 20Q Marginal Cost: MC = 100 + 10Q where Q indicates the number of copies sold and P is the price in Ectenian dollars. (3%)a. Find the price and quantity that maximizes the company's profit. (3%)b. Find the price and quantity that would maximize social welfare. (4%)c. The deadweight loss would be equal to (0.5)(15)(300 cents) = 2,250 Ectenian dollars. (20%)d. Suppose, in addition to the costs above, the director of the film has to be paid. The company is considering four options: i. A flat fee of 2,000 Ectenian dollars ii. 50 percent of the profits iii. 150 Ectenian dollars per unit sold iv. 50 percent of the revenue For each option, calculate the profitmaximizing price and quantity. Which, if any, of these compensation schemes would alter the deadweight loss from monopoly? Explain. 3.(16%) You are hired as the consultant to a monopolistically competitive firm. The firm reports the following information about its price, marginal cost, and average total cost. Can the firm possibly be maximizing profit? If not, what should it do to increase profit? If the firm is profit maximizing, is the firm in a long-run equilibrium? If not, what will happen to restore long-run equilibrium? a. P < MC, P > ATC b. P > MC, P < ATC c. P = MC, P > ATC d. P > MC, P = ATC 4.(8%) Player One’s Decision Take Drug Don’t Take Drug Player Two’s Decision Take Drug Player 1 gets 5,000 – X Player 2 gets 10,000 – X Player 2 gets 5,000 – X Player 1 gets 0 Don’t Take Drug Player 1 gets 10,000 – X Player 1 gets 5,000 Player 2 gets 0 Player 1 gets 5,000 Two athletes of equal ability are competing for a prize of $10,000. Each is deciding whether to take a dangerous performance-enhancing drug. If one athlete takes the drug, and the other does not, the one who takes the drug wins the prize. If both or neither take the drug, they tie and split the prize. Taking the drug imposes health risks that are equivalent to a loss of X dollars. (3%)a. For what X is taking the drug the Nash equilibrium? (5%)b. Does making the drug safer (that is, lowering X) make the athletes better or worse off? Explain. 5.(21%) Show the effect of each of the following events on the market for labor in the computer manufacturing industry. (7%)a. Congress buys personal computers for all U.S. college students. (7%)b. More college students major in engineering and computer science. (7%)c. Computer firms build new manufacturing plants. --

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