課程名稱︰普通生物學乙上 課程性質︰必修 課程教師︰陳俊宏 開課學院：醫學院 開課系所︰醫學系 考試日期（年月日）︰2007／10／25 考試時限（分鐘）：110min 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） Ⅰ.Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses have which of these characteristics? A. the ability to enter the cell, manufacture ATP, and degrade carbon-containing compounds. B. the ability to enter a cell and make more copies of themselves using host proteins. C. the ability to enter a cell and use ONLY viral proteins to make more copies of themselves. 2. Catabolite activator protein (CAP) activity is controlled at the __________ level. A. transcriptional B. translational C. post-translational 3. Which of the following statements applies to the lysogenic cycle? A. Viral proteins are made and used to replicate the viral genome. B. Viral particles are produced. C. The viral genome integrates into the host cell's genome. D. When the cell divides, the viral genome is frequently lost. 4. HIV contains an RNA genome in the viral particle. When the virus infects, the RNA is copied into DNA by the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Reverse transcriptase is a very sloppy enzyme and makes frequent mistakes. Which of the following statements is true due to this property of reverse transcriptase? A. It is very difficult to make a vaccine for HIV. B. HIV accumulates mutations in its genome. C. HIV evolves very quickly. D. All of the above answers apply. 5. Extracellular glucose inhibits transcription of the "lac" operon by: A. strengthening the binding of repressor to the operator. B. weakening the binding of repressor to the operator. C. inhibiting RNA polymerase from opening the strands of DNA to initiate transcription. D. reducting the levels of intracellular cAMP. E. allowing high levels of adenylyl cyclase activity. 6. Most of the pioneering studies of molecular genetics were performed in E. coli. This organism has many characteristics that make it an ideal experimental model for molecular genetic investigations. Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic that makes E. coli a strong model organism? A. E. coli is easy to grow in the laboratory. B. E. coli divides rapidly. C. E. coli is a bacterium. D. Mutants are easy to isolate in E. coli. E. The genetic rules used in E. coli are essentially the same in all other organisms. 7. Why are the genes involved in lactose metabolism considered to be an operon? A. They occupy adjacent locations on the E. coli chromosome. B. They have a similar function. C. They are all required for normal cell function. D. They are under the control of the same promoter. 8. The "trp" operon encodes genes for tryptophan biosynthesis and is regulated by: A. tryptophan, the "trp" repressor, transcriptional attenuation. B. the concentration of glucose, transcriptional attenuation. C. the cell cycle (growth), the "trp" repressor. 9. Which of the following statements regarding transposons is NOT true? A. Transposons are genes that encode sex pili and enable plasmid transfers between bacteria. B. Transposons are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. C. Transposons can move from a plasmids to the bacteria circular chromosome. D. Transposons may replicate at an original site and insert a copy at another site. E. Transposons may carry only the genes for insertion. 10. The process by which host cell DNA is accidentally packaged within a phage capsid and transferred to another cell instead of the phage DNA is called A. Translocation B. Conjugation C. Transduction D. Transformation 11. When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use A. a scanning electron microscope. B. a transmission electronic microscope. C. a light microscope. D. A and C only. E. A, B, and C. 12. In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is A. the size and weight of the component. B. the percentage of carbohydrates in the component. C. the presence or absence of lipids in the component. D. the number of enzymes in the fraction. E. the relative solubility of the component. 13. Which of the following does not contain functional ribosomes? A. a nucleolus. B. a plant mitochondrion. C. an animal mitochondrion. D. a prokaryotic cell. E. a chloroplast. 14. Which of the following structures is most directly associated with the secretion of compounds that will become part of the plant cell wall? A. Golgi apparatus. B. rough ER. C. Golgi-derived vesicles. D. plasmodesmata. E. smooth ER. 15. The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that A. Small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope. B. At least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope. C. Nuclear pore complexes contain proteins. D. The nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system. E. The nuclear envelope is physically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. 16. The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by A. the transportation of membrane among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. B. the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components. C. the physical separation of most membranes from each other. D. the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. E. the synthesis of lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system. 17. Which following compartment contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing H2O2? A. lysosome. B. vacuole. C. Mitochondrion. D. Golgi apparatus. E. peroxisome. 18. A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, while organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain __________________, respectively. A. chloroplasts and mitochondria. B. chloroplasts and peroxisomes. C. mitochondria and chloroplasts. D. peroxisomes and chloroplasts. E. mitochondria and peroxisomes. 19. Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? A. desmosomes. B. gap junctions. C. tight junctions. D. extracellular matrix. E. peroxisomes. 20. Which type of cell would probably provide the best opportunity to study lysosomes? A. phagocytic white blood cell. B. muscle cell. C. nerve cell. D. leaf cell of a plant. E. bacterial cell. --

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