課程名稱︰普通生物學乙上 課程性質︰必修 課程教師︰陳俊宏 開課學院：醫學院 開課系所︰醫學系 考試日期（年月日）︰2008／10／27 考試時限（分鐘）：110min 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） Part B. Multiple choice (2 points * 20) 1. Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of these reasons? A. The prokaryotic chromosome has histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not. B. Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many. C. The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. D. Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not. E. Prokaryotes have telomeres, and eukaryotes do not. 2. What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA? A. The twisting narute of NDA creates nonparallel strands. B. The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand. C. Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands. D. One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. E. One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines. 3. To repair a thymine dimer by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary enzymes act? A. exonuclease, DNA polymerase Ⅲ, RNA primase. B. helicase, DNA polymerase Ⅰ, DNA ligase. C. DNA ligase, nuclease, helicase. D. DNA polymerase Ⅰ, DNA polymerase Ⅲ, DNA ligase. E. endonuclease, DNA polymerase Ⅰ, DNA ligase. 4. Which would you expect of a eukaryotic cell lacking telomerase? A. a high probability of becoming cancerous. B. production of Okazaki fragments. C. inability to repair thymine dimers. D. a reduction in chromosome length. E. high sensitivity to sunlight. 5. Which of the following statements is TRUE of chromatin? A. Heterochromatin is composed of DNA, whereas euchromatin is made of DNA and RNA. B. Both heterochromatin and euchromatin are found in the cytoplasm. C. Heterochromatin is highly condensed, whereas euchromatin is less compact. D. Euchromatin is not transcribed, whereas heterochromatin is transcribed. E. Only euchromatin is visible under the light microscope. 6. The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of the following EXCEPT A. A gene from an organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism. B. All organisms have a common ancestor. C. DNA was the first genetic material. D. The same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino acids. E. Different organisms have the same number of different types of amino acids. 7. Which of the following is TRUE for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression? A. After transcription, a 3' poly-A tail and a 5' cap are added to mRNA. B. Translation of mRNA can begin before transcription is complete. C. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to begin transcription. D. mRNA is synthesized in the 3' → 5' direction. E. The mRNA transcript is the exact complement of the gene from which it was copied. 8. Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase? A. the protein product of the promoter. B. start and stop codons. C. ribosomes and tRNA. D. several transcription factors. (TFs) E. aminoacyl synthetase. 9. Chosse the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence. 1. An aminoacyL-tRNA binds to the A site. 2. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain. 3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site remains vacant. 4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA. 5. tRNA translocates to the P site. A. 1,3,2,4,5 B. 4,1,2,5,3 C. 5,4,3,2,1 D. 4,1,3,2,5 E. 2,4,5,1,3 10. Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies? A. a base-pair deletion. B. a codon substitution. C. a substitution in the last base of a codon. D. a codon deletion. E. a point mutation. 11. Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene? A. a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic. B. a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein. C. a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide. D. a DNA-RNA sequence combination that results in an enzymatic product. E. a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids. 12. Altering patterns of gene expression in prokaryotes would most likely serve the organism's survival in which of the following ways? A. organzing gene expression so that genes are expressed in a given order. B. allowing each gene to be expressed an equal number of times. C. allowing the organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions. D. allowing young organisms to respond differently from more mature organisms. E. allowing environmental changes to alter the prokaryotes's genome. 13. Genomic imprinting, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation are all examples of A. genetic mutation. B. chromosomal rearrangements. C. karyotypes. D. epigenetic phenomena. E. translocation. 14. Approximately what proportion of the DNA in the human genome codes for proteins or functional RNA? A. 83% B. 46% C. 32% D. 13% E, 1.5% 15. In eukaryotes, general transcription factors A. are required for the expression of specific protein-encoding genes. B. bind to other proteins or to a sequence element within the promoter called the TATA box. C. inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter and begin transcribing. D. usually lead to a high level of transcription even without additional SPECIFIC transcription factors. E. bind to sequence just after the start site of transcription. 16. The incidence of cancer increases dramatically in older humans because A. The Ras protein is more likely to be hyperactive after age sixty. B. Proteasomes become more active with age. C. As we age, normal cell division inhibitors cease to functino. D. The longer we live, the more mutations we accumulate. E. Tumor-suppressor genes are no longer able to repair damaged DNA. 17. Which of the following seems to be the known upper and lower size limits of genomes? A. 1 ~ 2900 Mb. (million base pairs) B. 1,500 ~ 40,000 Mb. C. 1 ~ 580,000 Mb. D. 100 ~ 120,000 Mb. E. 100 ~ 200,000 Mb. 18. Which of the following is a major distinction between a transposon and a retrotransposon? A. A transposon always leaves a copy of itself at its original position and a retrotransposon does not. B. A retrotransposon always uses the copy-paste mechanism, while a transposon uses cut and paste mechanism. C. A transposon is related to a virus and a retrotransposon is not. D. A transposon moves via a DNA intermediate and a retrotransposon via an RNA intermediate. E. The positioning of a transposon copy is transient while that of a retrotransposon is permanent. 19. Bioinformatics includes all of the following EXCEPT A. using computer programs to align DNA sequences. B. analyzing protein interactions in a species. C. using molecular biology to provide biological information to a system so that it gets expressed. D. development of computer-based tools for genome analysis. E. use of mathematical tools to make sense of bioological systems. 20. Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this phenomenon? A. gene duplication. B. RNA splicing. C. exon shuffling. D. histone modification. E. random point mutations. Ⅲ. Give a proper word or statement in the blank. (one point for each) 1. The reaction center of Photosystem Ⅰ and system Ⅱ in chloroplasts are ____________________ and ____________________, respectively. The molecular oxygen is generated by ____________________. (which photosystem) 2. Higher plants posses several types of photosynthesis-related pigments. ____________________ is essential for photochemical reactions, and others are accessory pigments: ____________________ and ____________________. 3. The Calvin cycles has three phases: (i) CO2 fixation, catalyzed by ____________________, the most abundant leaf protein; (ii) ____________________ __________ __________ ____________________. (a method) (iii) ____________________________________________________________________. (the next method) 4. CO is a respiratory inhibitor that blocks ____________________ (which step) respiration. 5. The major functions of cellular respiration are: ____________________ and ____________________. 6. ____________________ (a protein complex) located in inner mitochondrial membrane couples the electron transport process and ATP production. 7. The products of linear electron transport of photosynthesis are ____________________ and ____________________. 8. How many reduced dinucleotides can be produced while the Calvin cycle runs two turns: __________ FADH2, __________ NADH and __________ NADPH. (Fill in numbers) 9. The sodium-potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it pumps __________ Na+ out and __________ K+ at the expense of one ATP. (Fill in numbers) 10. All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell's ____________________. 11. When a cell is dividing, two chromatids are separated after metaphase because ____________________ is split and chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle because the microtubular fiber attached is shortened to by depolymerization at the ____________________ ends. 12. Plasmodesmata in plant tissues are most similar in function to ____________________ of animal cells. (a structure of cellular connections) -- 剛剛有個GPA快4的死小孩丟水球給我 結果家裡的網路太不爽他了 就給我瞬斷瞬連... 這篇如果沒1000p的話含發放獎勵金都要他賠~~(口桀口桀) --

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