What - Triangulation is the application and combination of several research methodologies in the study of the same phenomenon. * It can be employed in both quantitative(validation) and qualitative(inquiry) studies. * It is a method-appropriate strategy of founding the credibility of qualitative analyses. * It becomes an alternative to " traditional criteria like reliability and validity" * It is the preferred line in the social sciences Why - By combining multiple observers, theories, methods, and empirical materials, sociologists can hope to overcome the weakness or intrinsic biases and the problems that come from single method, single-observer, single-theory studies. Types of Triangulation: There are four basic type of triangulation: a.data triangulation, involving time, space, and persons b.investigator triangulation, which consist of the use of multiple, rather than single observers; c.theory triangulation, which consists of using more than one theoretical scheme in the interpretation of the phenomenon; d.methodological triangulation, which involves using more than one method and may consist of within-method or between-method strategies. e.* multiple triangulation, when the researcher combines in one investigation multiple observers, theoretical perspectives, sources of data, and methodologies. An example of Multiple triangulation: The Police Peasant in Europe and America by Thomas and Znanieck's. Their investigation uses triangulated data, investigators, theories, and methods. Criticisms of Triangulation usually to its data triangulation, investigator, theory, methods. reference:http://www.geocities.com/zulkardi/submit3.html hope it's useful. yuju --

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