Game theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Game theory (disambiguation). Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that is used in the social sciences, most notably in economics, as well as in biology, engineering, political science, international relations, computer science, and philosophy. Game theory attempts to mathematically capture behavior in strategic situations, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ choices of others. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ below are my comments and notes: ========================================================================== Does this applies to social phenomenon too? If everyone is influenced to be decent, then I can easily be decent. However, if everyone is evil in nature, then it influences me and forces me to be protective of myself. (sometimes even have to exalt certain amount of evilness from myself to treat others in a mean way in order for survival.) How can we get an win-win situation for the betterment of the ultimate goal? which is to win peacefully. or, to say that everyone live in a society of peace and trust + love. ========================================================================== While initially developed to analyze competitions in which one individual does better at another's expense (zero sum games), it has been expanded to treat a wide class of interactions, which are classified according to several criteria. Today, "game theory is a sort of umbrella or 'unified field' theory for the rational side of social science, where 'social' is interpreted broadly, to include human as well as non-human players (computers, animals, plants)" (Aumann 1987). Traditional applications of game theory attempt to find equilibria in these games. In an equilibrium, each player of the game has adopted a strategy that ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ they are unlikely to change. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Here I see why we hold different opinions and strategies for survival. :P Many equilibrium concepts have been developed (most famously the Nash equilibrium) in an attempt to capture this idea. These equilibrium concepts are motivated differently depending on the field of application, although they often overlap or coincide. This methodology is not without criticism, and debates continue over the appropriateness of particular equilibrium concepts, the appropriateness of equilibria altogether, and the usefulness of mathematical models more generally. Although some developments occurred before it, the field of game theory came into being with the 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. Eight game theorists have won Nobel prizes in economics, and John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology. =================================================================== btw, sharing an interesting point here. John Nash, the Nobel laureate, who invented Game Theory, developed severe schizophrenia after 30. He also has a son who suffers from schizophrenia. --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 76.204.36.189