節錄FIBA Basketball Statistics Manual Turnovers A turnover is a mistake by an offensive player that results in the defensive team gaining possession of the ball without the offensive team having attempted a field goal or free throw, except when period time expires without such an attempt. Any offensive violation by a player will result in a turnover being charged, for example 3 second violation, offensive foul, offensive goal tending, double dribble etc. Likewise, an offensive mistake such as passing the ball directly out of bounds or fumbling the ball in such a way it is recovered by the defensive team will result in a turnover beimg charged. It is important to understand when a team has control of the ball, so that the statistician understands the opportunity lost when they turn the ball over. A team is in control of the ball when: ‧ A player of that team is holding or dribbling a live ball. ‧ The ball is at its disposal for a throw-in during an out-of-bounds situation. ‧ The ball is at the disposal of a team for the first or only free throw. ‧ The ball is being passed between teammates. If the offensive team is forced into a held ball by the actions of a defensive player the result of the alternating possession rule will determine the statistics to be awarded: ‧ If the offensive team wins possession as a result of the alternating possession rule- NO statistics are awarded. ‧ If the defensive team wins possession as a result of the alternating possession rule- award a turnover to the offensive player at fault and a steal to the defensive player that initiated the turnover. It can sometimes be difficult to decide if the passer or receiver is responsible for a turnover when the receiver fumbles a pass. If the statistician considers the pass should have been caught, award the turnover to the receiver, but the general rule is that the passer is responsible for the pass. In some situations, a turnover could be classfied as more than one type, for example, when a bad pass causes a teammate to commit a violation by stepping out of court to retrieve the ball. The statistician must recognise how the turnover was originally caused. In this exsample, the bad pass caused the violation so credit the player that passed the ball with a passing turnover. Examples 1. A5 has the ball stolen from him as he is dribbling down the court. →A5 is charged with a ball handling turnover. 2. A5 passes the ball and it goes straight out of bounds. →A5 receives a passing turnover. 3. A5 makes a good pass but A4 drops the ball, resulting B5 picking the ball up. →A4 is awarded a ball handling turnover, B5 does not receive a steal as they simply benefited from a mistake. 4. A5 commits a violation (travelling, double dribble, etc.) that results in the opposition receiving the ball. →A violation turnover is credited to A5. 5. A5 fouls whilst his team is in offense (either charges a player or fouls without the ball). →An offensive foul turnover is charged to A5. --

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