跟大家分享这篇文章 出处 http://0rz.tw/24318 挑战旧思维：都是地位之说惹的祸！ 引用或转贴请注明译文出处，请尊重着作权。 挑战旧思维 都是地位之说惹的祸！ （Dominance Rant!!） 原文出处：《动物行为通讯》2007年五月号 Animal Behavior Associates Newsletter May 9th, 2007, Volume V Issue 5 网址：http://www.animalbehaviorassociates.com/newsletters/archive.html 译者：黄薇菁 译文出处：动物的事奇摩部落格 　　请读者有心理准备，这可能是篇大发牢骚的文章。 　　丹恩刚见过一位尽心尽力的好饲主，他的狗儿出现分离焦虑的症状，在他出门後 十分钟就开始到处破坏嚎叫，他曾找过一位「动物行为专家」（但这个人事实上并不 是），这人告诉他，他的狗需要「生活规范」，他也必须成为更好的「领袖」。 　　我们的电子邮件信箱刚收到一位读者来信，她的猫八个月大，而她先生的狗自猫 咪在三个月进门後就一直对牠表现攻击性，他们谘询了一位「动物行为专家」（但这 个人事实上并不是），他们说这人「十分强势」，而且坚信那些「争地位的说法」， 他们的谘询经验显然并不愉快。 我们每天都在对抗地位迷思。分离焦虑和「争地位」无关，协助狗儿接受小猫咪也和 「人当狗的老大」无关。 　　我很确定一定会有读者信誓旦旦，说他们采取「拿回地位的技巧」之後，狗儿行 为便有所改善，如果你对?励的行为和不?励的行为采取态度一致的原则，并且要求狗 儿出现喜见行为（例如安静坐着）才给予牠想要的东西，这一定会导致牠变乖，但是 这和争回地位无关。 　　「建立地位」的迷思常使用威喝胁迫的手段，它对有些狗也可能达到抑制行为的 作用──至少暂时有效，这不代表它是适当的技巧或最佳解决方法，只表示狗儿想要 出现人类不喜见行为的动机比不上牠对这个人的恐惧。 　　何况威喝手段有其代价，当狗儿企图保护自己，或觉得牠对人类抓了牠就把牠摔 倒在地的老大摔角法已经没法再忍受时，人可能会有被咬的风险。至於曾被如此对待 的狗儿，牠们很容易以为任何快速接近牠们的人都可能这麽做，因此为了避免被摔而 开咬，然後这些狗就被贴上「君王地位」的标签，但事实上牠们只是出现自卫的反应 －－威喝胁迫可能造成攻击性问题行为。 　　这个迷思还有更糟之处，我们和一个家庭谈过，他们的训练师告诉父母和十二岁 的儿子必须「跨骑」在爱犬身上才得以建立地位，於是他们和训练师在後院追狗追了 半小时，企图跨到牠身上，现在当他们叫狗来时牠不愿前来，而且不想搭理他们，有 人觉得这个情形出乎意料吗？ 　　我猜想，人类藉由争回地位之名而出现的作为比蓄意虐狗的行径更造成狗儿伤害 ，我们将很快提供教育宣导资料，解释「争地位」说法的危险之处，但是目前请记住 ，如果你相信或有人告诉你你有只地位很高的老大狗－－你的狗可能并不是，而且如 果有人告诉你，你家狗的问题是因为你不是个好领袖－－你要知道你并不是狗群的一 员。 　　别再漫无判断地接受地位迷思，它对你或你的狗都没有好处。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 　　似乎在连结网站上找不到当期通讯，所以以下附上原文： Dominance Rant!! Readers prepare thyselves as the article this month may be a rant. Dan just returned from an appointment with a wonderfully dedicated owner whose dog is displaying symptoms of separation anxiety - becoming destructive and howling about 10 minutes after the owner leaves. Previously he had worked with an "animal behaviorist" (who wasn't) who told him the dog needed "structure" and that he needed to be a better "pack leader". We just received a message in our inbox from a reader with an 8 month old kitten that her husband's dog has been aggressive to since they brought the cat into the home at 12 weeks. They consulted an "animal behaviorist" (who wasn't) who they said was "quite aggressive" and into the "dominance stuff". Their meeting apparently was not a pleasant experience. Every day we fight the dominance myths. Separation anxiety has nothing to do with "dominance". Helping a dog accept a small kitten has nothing to do with being "dominant" over the dog. I'm sure there will be readers who swear that after implementing "dominance techniques" their dog's behavior improved. Being consistent about which behaviors will be rewarded and which ones won't, and requiring your dog to display a desirable behavior, such as sitting quietly, before giving him what he wants can certainly result in a dog that is better behaved, but this has nothing to do with dominance. Intimidation techniques that are often part of the "dominance" mythology can also work - temporarily at least - with some dogs to suppress behavior. That doesn't mean intimidation is appropriate or the best way to solve a problem. It just means that the dog is more afraid of the person doing the intimidating than he is motivated to perform the unwanted behavior. And intimidation comes at a cost, which includes the risk of being bitten, when the dog attempts to defend himself or decides he's had enough of someone grabbing him and throwing him to the ground in a so- called "alpha roll". It's quite easy for dogs that have been man-handled in this way to decide that anyone reaching toward them quickly is going to do the same thing so they bite to prevent it. Then they get labeled as "dominant dogs" when in reality they are reacting defensively. Intimidation can CAUSE aggression problems. The myths get worse. We talked to a family who was told by their trainer that they and their 12 year old son had to "hump" their dog in order to establish their dominance over him. So they spent half an hour with the trainer chasing the dog around the backyard trying to mount him. Now the dog won't come when called and doesn't want to have much to do with them. Is anyone surprised? I would guess that more harm has come to dogs in the name of being dominant over them than has happened with purposeful acts of cruelty. We'll soon be creating educational products to explain the dangers of "dominance", but for now remember if you believe or have been told you have a "dominant or alpha dog" - you probably don't. And if you've been told your dog's problems are a result of you not being a good pack leader - you are not a member of a pack. Step away from uncritical acceptance of dominance mythology, as these myths are not in yours, or your dog's best interests. 推荐书：别跟狗争老大 --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 61.57.93.4 ※ 编辑: noriko909 来自: 61.57.93.4 (09/09 01:16)