最近准备资料看了下文章，供参考。 NFTs – what am I buying? NFTs—我买了什麽？ 原文网址 https://www.cityam.com/nfts-what-am-i-buying/ ----- 以下内文 ----- NFTs were the best performing market segment in November according to Kraken data. 根据 Kraken 的资料显示，NFT 是 11 月市场区隔 (market segmentation) 中表现最好 的。 by Nick Breen and Sophie Goossens of Reed Smith Reed Smith 的 Nick Breen 与 Sophie Goossens 观点 Unless you have been living under a rock for the past few months, you will by now likely have heard of NFTs. In fact, you may have even heard of the JPEG of a rock that was sold as an NFT for over $1 million last month. 除非您在过去几月是个井底之蛙，不然现在应该已经听过 NFT 一词。事实上，您或许甚 至知晓於上个月时，一张岩石 JPEG 以 NFT 方式被 100 万美元以上的价格售出。 Reminiscent of the Bitcoin surge back in December 2017, it is now NFTs that are overtaking dinner party conversations. Nevertheless, one question that continues to be at the focus in these discussions is “okay, but what is an NFT?”. 现在，NFT 已成为取代 2017 年 12 月比特币 (Bitcoin) 市价飙升的热门话题。这些话 题中有一个时常被提出的问题 “好吧，但什麽是 NFT？ (okay, but what is an NFT?) ” The answer… 解答 Sophie Goossens, Partner at Reed Smith Reed Smith 合夥人 Sophie Goossens The reason this question continues to be asked is that the use cases for NFTs are extensive and, despite the overwhelming media coverage that may suggest otherwise, NFTs are not all digital art collectibles. 之所以继续讨论这个问题，乃因 NFT 的适用范围非常广泛。虽媒体铺天盖地的报导都仅 聚焦於数位艺术收藏品上，但 NFT 用途不仅局限於此。 At its simplest level, an NFT is a representation of a transaction that is recorded on a blockchain, similar to a receipt. Because it leverages blockchain technology, details of each initial minting (i.e. creation) and subsequent sale/transfer of an NFT is forever documented and cannot be changed or overridden. 简单而言，NFT 是纪录在区块链 (blockchain) 上的交易纪录凭证，概念类似於收据。因 为它 NFT 采用了区块链技术，所以每次初始铸造 (即创建) 和其後 NFT 贩卖 (或转让) 的详细讯息都会被永久记录，无法更改或取代。 NFTs contain unique data, including code and metadata (sometimes relating to an identifiable off-chain asset) that distinguishes it from other NFTs. The combination of the uniqueness, high liquidity and immutability of each NFT has given rise to numerous applications across a variety of industries. NFT 会由一些独有的资料构成，包含将程式码与能区别其他 NFT 的後设资料 (metadata ，有时连结於可识别的线下资产)。NFT 藉由结合其凭证独特性、高交易流动性与纪录不 变性产生了於各行各业的许多应用。 We often see NFTs being described in generalist or reductive ways that do not take account of the multitude of use cases they can offer. The easiest way to understand the various forms of NFT is to consider a few examples. Here is a summary of the most common applications we have seen for NFTs so far, and what you are ‘buying’ with each. 我们经查看到 NFT 被以过於抽象或简化的方式描述，而未给出它们实际运行的案例。下 例为乞今为止我们看到 NFT 最常见应用的范例，及您可能正在购买的应用。望能藉此让 我们较简单的理解各种用途的 NFT。 Transfer of ownership is the least common form of NFT that we have come across. This is where an NFT records the transfer of ownership of property, which could be a ‘physical property’ like a house or a piece of fine art, or it could be referring to a legally-recognised form of intangible property (namely intellectual property, such as copyright). For example, I could use an NFT to assign to you the copyright to a sketch I drew of my cat. 所有权转让：将 NFT 用於纪录财产所有权转移，这是我们最不常见的 NFT 用途。财产可 为有形财产，如房屋或艺术品；也可为无形财产，像是智慧财产权中的版权。好比说，我 可以使用 NFT 将我画制的猫图版权分配给您。 Contractual rights or licences: When you purchase an NFT, you may be provided with certain rights or licences, such as a licence to display a short highlight clip from an NBA game, or a limited-edition piece of digital artwork from Twitter, for your own personal, non-commercial use. Or you could buy an NFT that gives you the contractual right to redeem front-row concert tickets to every Kings of Leon gig for life. 合同 (contractual right) 或许可 (licence)：当您购买 NFT 时，您可能会获得某些权 利或许可。举例来说，获得展示 NBA 比赛精彩片段的许可、来自 Twitter 仅供您个人使 用 (非商业用途)的限量版数位艺术品。再或者，您可以购买 NFT 来取得终身皆可兑换里 昂王族 (Kings of Leon gig) 演唱会前排门票的权力。 Bragging rights (or ‘authentication’): Some NFT do not purport to give the purchaser ownership of property or any explicit usage rights or licences at all. This can be common with digital art collectibles; although there is no explicit set of rights granted to the NFT holder, they can nevertheless show (or brag) that they have a unique connection with the underlying artwork or artist that nobody else has. This is like having a baseball card autographed by the player, except that the autograph lives on a blockchain, for all to see. 吹牛权 (或身份凭证)：一些 NFT 根本不打算给予购买者任何的财产所有权、明确的使用 权或许可，这在数位艺术收藏品中常见。但尽管没有明确授予 NFT 持有者任何权利，他 们仍然可以表明 (或吹嘘) 他们与 NFT 连结艺术品或铸造艺术家间有关系，有别於他人 。这就像一张存在於区块链上的有持有者签名棒球卡，任何人都看得到。 The examples given here are by no means exhaustive and hopefully demonstrate that each NFT is different and needs to be considered individually. 此处给出的示例并非详细无遗的，每个 NFT 都或有不同，需个案讨论。 Ownership of the asset 资产所有权 Nick Breen, Partner at Reed Smith Reed Smith 合夥人 Nick Breen There is unfortunately a common misconception that by buying an NFT, you then ‘own’ the underlying asset as you would when buying a piece of art in a gallery. 不幸的是有一个普遍的误解，那就是透过购买 NFT 就可以 “拥有” 所连结的资产，如 同在画廊中购买一件艺术品般。 Although, as explained in the first example given above, it is possible to transfer ownership of property using an NFT, in practice this is quite rare and is likely not the case for the majority of NFTs currently circulating the various marketplaces. 虽上述第一示例给出了 NFT 能转让财产所有权的用途，但实际上这种使用是十分罕见的 ，大多数流通在市场上的 NFT 用途可能并非如此。 The reason why this real-world comparison does not hold is simple: with physical artwork, there are two separate forms of property that exist; the property of the physical object itself, in the form of the canvas, the paint etc. and, separately, the intellectual property (i.e. copyright) in the artwork. 在现实世界中并未如此使用的理由十分简单，对於实体艺术品来说会同时存在两种独立的 财产形式。实物本身的财产，如画布与油漆等；非实物本身的财产，艺术品中的智慧财产 权 (即版权)。 You can buy the first one in the same way as you would a piece of furniture, but you would never expect to receive intellectual property rights from an art gallery as these generally remain at all times with the artist. By contrast, in a virtual world, there is no equivalent digital canvas or paint that can be acquired in a digital image that is separate from the copyright. 您可以像购买家俱一样购买上述第一个，但永远不会期望从艺术画廊中获得智慧财产权， 这些产权通常始终由艺术家所有。相比於此，在虚拟世界中，无法在与版权区隔的数位图 像中取得任何等效的画布或油漆。 A digital artwork ultimately only comprises data in the form of 0s and 1s and cannot be ‘owned’ in the same way a physical object can be. 数位艺术收藏品终究只有包含 0 和 1 的数据，无法像物理物件那样 “拥有”。 This distinction does not mean that these art collectible NFTs are without value. On the contrary, the last few months has proven that they have the potential to be extremely valuable. The key takeaway is to understand what it is you are ‘buying’. 这种区别并不表示这些 NFT 艺术收藏品没有价值。相反地，过去几个月早已证明它们非 常具有价值的潜力。关键在於您要了解自己正在 “购买” 什麽。 Equally important is for those creating NFTs to be careful in how they market and advertise them. Advertising the ‘sale’ of an artwork NFT could be potentially misleading if all the NFT creator is offering are bragging rights, rather than exclusive usage rights or transfer of copyright. 同样重要的是铸造 NFT 人在进行营销与宣传时要小心，若 NFT 创作者提供的所有 NFT 都仅提供吹牛权，而非专属授权或版权转让，则宣传 NFT 的 “销售” 可能产生误导。 Considerations before purchasing an NFT 购买 NFT 之前的注意事项 We have only started to scratch the surface of the opportunities there are for NFTs, which are a fantastic tool for conceptualizing and encapsulating transactions. There are some great NFT projects out there and far more to come. Nevertheless, if you are considering purchasing an NFT, we would recommend that you do your research. 人们才刚开始了解 NFT，它是一个善於处理概念与封装交易的工具，有许多很棒的 NFT 项目。不过，如果您正在考虑购买 NFT，我们建议您进行研究。 It is important to check that the marketplace you are using to buy the NFT is legitimate and established and you have read the terms and conditions of the marketplace you are buying through. Some marketplaces provide standard terms that govern the usage rights and sale terms for all NFTs sold on their platform. 请务必检查您用於购买 NFT 的市场是否合法且成立许久，并且您已详阅该市场的各项条 款与规范。一些市场提供标准规范来管理其平台上贩卖的所有 NFT 使用权与贩卖条款。 It is also crucial to check all the descriptions given in the NFT listing and all related metadata. Sometimes these descriptions can embed terms of use, or link out to separate terms or agreements on other websites that seek to govern the token. If there are no terms of use that you can find to govern the sale of the NFT, you are likely acquiring the ‘bragging rights’ we described above or, at best, an implied licence to use the tokenized asset for your own personal use. 检查 NFT 的所有叙述与其後设资料也很重要，有时这些符记 (token) 的描述会嵌入使用 条款，或连接到其他网站上的条款或协议。如果您无法找到管理贩卖 NFT 的使用条款， 您可能会获得我们上述描述的 “吹牛权”，或仅得到个人用途许可的符记化财产。 The prominence of NFTs is continuing to rise, so you shouldn’t shy away from entering the market due to a lack of knowledge about the intricacies of this digital landscape. With this information at hand and research into your purchase, you will be confidently navigating those dinner party conversations in no time at all. NFT 的重要性不断上升，故您不应因缺乏对这种复杂数位环境的了解而避於进入市场。掌 握这些资讯并研究您的购买情况，这将有助於协助您了解那些热门话题。 ※ 引述《ppgame (虎纹蜜瓜)》之铭言： : 今天跟同事聊到有关NFT的事 : 也顺便跟他请教有关NFT的价值所在 : 大致的说法像是投资未来可以红起来的艺术家等等 : 不过我还是很困惑 : 今天就算买到NFT，证明我是独一无二的持有者 : 但该图像本身还是能随意被复制拥有 : 甚至我还不一定有智财权，将它商品化的权力在 : 如果我认为这个艺术家的作品有潜力 : 直接收藏他的实体作品，不是有更稳健的保值空间吗？ : 也看到一些机构将NFT作为会员证发行 : 但今天会员证这东西，并不需要透过NFT才能实现 : 有一大票方式可以管理会员权 : NFT的本意不是用来做这种事，也不需要它也能完成 : 反而是想赋予它一个实际上的功能，制造实际上意义才硬是套上的功用 : 所以NFT本身的价值到底何在？是哪一点构成它的价值基础？ : 还是只是单纯的炒作工具，只是搭上元宇宙与虚拟货币的热潮 : 攀上关系来吹捧价值？ --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc), 来自: 140.112.90.228 (台湾) ※ 文章网址: https://webptt.com/cn.aspx?n=bbs/DigiCurrency/M.1641654773.A.E3A.html 输了 Q.Q 我有上蓝色吧？重点在於是否有吹嘘以外的实质价值。 ※ 编辑: Glamsight (140.112.90.228 台湾), 01/09/2022 16:21:37